《中华本草》清热类植物中药鲜用特点分析

Analysis on the characteristics of fresh use of heat-clearing Chinese herbal medicine in Chinese Materia Medica

目的:通过分析《中华本草》中清热类植物中药鲜用特点,为鲜药的临床应用及相关研究提供参考。方法:查阅《中华本草》中可鲜用的中药,用Excel 2010建立数据库,运用频次统计的方法进行数据挖掘,分析清热类植物中药鲜用特点。结果:经筛选后,共纳入可鲜用的清热类植物中药1616种。药用部位以全草、根、叶、根茎为主,大部分中药既可干用又可鲜用。鲜用以捣敷为主,多数既可内服又可外用,用量以适量居多,且以单方应用为主。四气以凉性、寒性、平性为主,五味以苦、甘、辛为主。归经以肝经、肺经、胃经为主。功效分析表明,除清热功效外,兼有功效以解毒、消肿、利湿、止血、活血、止痛、凉血为主。主治病证以内科病证为主,在内科病证中以肺系病证、气血津液病证、肾系病证、肝胆系病证和脾胃系病证较多;外科病证以疮疡为主;妇科病证主要为月经病和带下病;儿科疾病主要为麻疹、痄腮等传染性疾病和疳证、积滞等脾胃系病证。结论:清热类植物中药鲜用,即以鲜药来用,其药性多寒凉,味多苦、甘、辛,除清热之功外,多兼能解毒、消肿、止痛、利湿、活血、凉血、止血,常用于内科肺系病证、外科疮疡、妇科及儿科疾病,可为鲜药的临床应用提供参考。

OBJECTIVE By analyzing the characteristics of fresh use of heat-clearing plant Chinese medicine in Chinese Materia Medica,it can provide a reference for the clinical application and related research of fresh medicine.METHODS To analyze the characteristics of fresh use of heat-clearing Chinese herbal medicine,the Chinese herbs that can be used fresh in Chinese Materia Medica were screened.A database was established with Excel 2010,and the frequency statistics method was used for data mining.RESULTS After the screening,a total of 1616 kinds of heat-clearing Chinese herbal medicines that can be used freshly were included.The medicinal parts are mainly the whole plant,roots,leaves,and rhizomes,and the majority of Chinese medicines can be used either dry or fresh.The application of fresh medicine is mainly smashed and then applied externally.The dosage of fresh medicine is the right amount mostly,and it is mainly used unilaterally.The four qi are mainly cool,cold,and flat,and the five flavors are mainly bitter,sweet,and acrid.The meridian tropisms are mainly liver,lung,and stomach.Efficacy analysis shows that,in addition to the heat-clearing effect,the main functions are detoxification,swelling,dampness,hemostasis,blood circulation,pain relief,and cooling blood.Indications are mainly internal medicine,among which there are more lung disease,qi,blood and body fluid,kidney,liver and gallbladder,and spleen and stomach.Surgical diseases are mainly sore and ulcers.Gynecological diseases are mainly menstrual diseases and vaginal discharge diseases.Pediatric diseases are mainly infectious diseases such as measles and mumps,and spleen and stomach diseases such as chancre syndrome and stagnation.CONCLUSION The traditional Chinese medicines of heat-clearing plants are used fresh,that is to say,they are used as fresh medicines.The medicinal properties are mainly cold and cool.The five flavors are mainly bitter,sweet,and acrid.In addition to the fuction of clearing heat,they can also detoxify,reduces swelling,relieve pain,reduce dampness,activate blood,cool blood,and stop bleeding.They are often used in internal medicine for pulmonary diseases,surgical ulcers,gynecologicaldiseases,and pediatric diseases.This analysis can provide a reference to the clinical applications of fresh medicine.