8个油菜品种的耐低温萌发特性及其春播试验

The Seed Germination Characteristics under Low Temperature and Spring Sowing Study of 8 Rapeseed Varieties

为探索甘蓝型油菜种子的低温萌发特性,本研究选取8个主栽油菜品种,在20℃、16℃、12℃和8℃恒温培养箱中进行萌芽试验,测定分析不同温度下的种子发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长等指标。结果表明,油菜种子发芽势在温度间存在显著性差异,且8℃低温显著降低油菜种子发芽势。随着萌发温度降低,油菜根和芽的生长显著受抑,且在不同温度间和不同品种间存在显著差异。这3个指标可作为油菜萌发期耐低温特性评价的主要鉴定指标。此外,为筛选适宜春播作绿肥的油菜品种,本试验通过春播试验分析发现,‘沪油早1号’的春播鲜草产量达1712.53 kg/m^(2),远高于其他7个品种,其8℃低温下的相对根长仅次于‘沪油17’、相对芽长仅次于‘沪油肥1号’,该研究结果为油菜作绿肥早春播种提供一定参考。

To explore the low temperature germination characteristics of rapeseed,8 main cultivars were selected for germination experiments in incubators at 20℃,16℃,12℃and 8℃,respectively,and the germination potential,germination rate,root length and bud length of seeds at different temperatures were measured and analyzed.The results showed that there was significant difference in the germination potential of tested rapeseeds at temperatures.And the low temperature of 8℃was significantly reduced the germination potential.With the decrease of germination temperature,the growth of roots and buds were inhibited significantly.There were significant differences both in temperatures and varieties.The germination potential,root length and bud length could be used as the main index to evaluate seed germination of rapeseed under low temperature.In addition,to screen varieties suitable for spring sowing as green manure,the spring sowing test was carried out.The study found that the fresh grass yield of'Huyouzao No.1'was 1712.53 kg/m^(2),which was much higher than other 7 varieties.Its relative root length was second only to'Huyou17'and its relative bud length next to'Huyoufei No.1'at 8℃,respectively.The results can provide a reference for early spring sowing of rapeseed as green manure.