基于生态系统服务簇分区的土地利用多目标优化——以巴彦淖尔市为例

Multi-objective optimization of land use based on ecosystem service bundle zoning:A case study of Bayannur City

土地利用空间结构的优化是有效管理生态系统服务、协调人地矛盾的重要途径。已有的优化方案多从区域整体角度出发,忽略了生态系统服务特征的地域分异规律,易导致对优化效益的低估或缺乏可行性。本研究以内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市为例,基于SAORES平台,使用生态系统服务簇和遗传算法实施分区土地利用优化。结果表明:相比于当前土地利用,土地利用布局的整体优化在功能上提高了16.8%的生态效益,降低了6.4%的粮食生产服务,而分区的优化具有更高的成本效益,生态效益提高了27.3%,粮食生产服务仅降低了5.6%;在格局上,景观干扰度在优化后出现了普遍的下降,边缘效应显著降低,整体和分区优化方案没有显著差异。提出了符合巴彦淖尔市长期发展的生态保护区空间配置优化方案。

Optimization in spatial structure of land use is an important way to effectively manage ecosystem services and coordinate the conflicts between human and land. Current available optimization programs are mostly from the perspective of whole region, ignoring the regional differentiation of ecosystem services, which would underestimate optimization benefits or be low in feasibility. Taking Bayannur City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example, we used ecosystem service cluster and genetic algorithm to implement zoning land use optimization based on SAORES platform. The results showed that compared with current land use pattern, the overall optimization of land use layout functionally improved ecological benefits by 16.8% and reduced the service of food production by 6.4%. The zoning optimization of land use layout was more cost-effective, with 27.3% improvement in ecological benefits and only 5.6% reduction in food production service. The landscape disturbance in the pattern showed a general decrease after optimization. The edge effect was significantly reduced, with no significant difference between the overall and zoning optimization schemes. We proposed an optimized scheme for the spatial configuration of ecological reserves conforming to the long-term development of Bayannur City.