2021年佛山市黄岐片区5093名小学生体格发育状况分析

Analysis of physical development status of 5093 primary school students in Huangqi District of Foshan City in 2021

目的了解佛山市黄岐片区小学生的身高、体重发育状况,为更好地组织开展卫生保健工作,采取有针对性的措施提供依据。方法2021年3—5月采用分层整群抽样法以佛山市黄岐片区10所小学的5093名学生为研究对象。按照《中国儿童生长标准与生长曲线》的要求统一测量学生的身高和体重,并采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析,对不同年龄组身高、体重进行比较,计算身材矮小、肥胖的检出率,并进行χ^(2)检验。结果佛山市黄岐片区小学生男女生身高均值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),体重均值男生大于女生。各年龄组男女生的身高、体重均值均高于全国标准。男生的身高、体重迅速增加始于9~10岁,12岁~达最大增长值。女生的身高、体重迅速增加始于8~9岁,10~11岁达最大增长值,之后逐渐下降。矮小的总检出率为3.48%,男女生各年龄组矮小检出率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男、女生身材矮小检出病例集中在6~8岁低年级组。超重的平均检出率为14.22%,各年龄段男女生超重检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肥胖的总检出率为8.25%,男生的肥胖平均检出率高于女生(χ^(2)=19.370,P<0.001)。男生的肥胖检出率在11岁~组最高,7岁~组最低;女生的肥胖检出率在7岁~组最高,12岁~组最低。结论佛山市黄岐片区小学生身高、体重平均水平均高于全国标准,但矮小检出率及肥胖检出率较高,需引起家长、社会和政府部门的高度重视,制订相关有效措施,促进儿童的健康成长。

Objective To investigate the height and weight development of primary school students in Huangqi District of Foshan City,so as to provide evidence for better health care work and targeted measures.Methods In March-May 2021,5093 students from 10 primary schools in Huangqi District of Foshan City were sampled by using the stratified cluster sampling method and investigated.According to the requirements of“Chinese Children’s Growth Standards and Growth Curves”,the height and weight of students were uniformly measured,and SPSS 26.0 software was used for datum analysis.The height and weight of different age groups were compared,the detection rates of short stature and obesity were calculated and,and tested by theχ^(2)-test.Results There was no significant difference in the mean height of boys and girls in Huangqi District of Foshan City(P>0.05),and the mean weight of boys was greater than that of girls.The average height and weight of boys and girls in all age groups were higher than the national standard.The rapid increase in height and weight of boys began at the age of 9-10,and reached the maximum growth value at the age of 12-.The rapid increase in height and weight of girls began at the age of 8-9,reached the maximum growth value at the age of 10-11,and then gradually declined.The overall detection rate of short stature was 3.48%,and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of short stature among different age groups of male and female students(P>0.05).The detected cases of short stature in boys and girls were concentrated in the lower age group of 6-8 years old.The average detection rate of overweight was 14.22%,and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of overweight between boys and girls of different ages(P>0.05).The overall detection rate of obesity was 8.25%,and the average detection rate of obesity in boys was higher than that in girls(χ^(2)=19.370,P<0.001).The detection rate of obesity in boys was the highest in the 11-year-old-group and the lowest in the 7-year-old-group.The detection rate of obesity in girls was the highest in the 7-year-old-group and the lowest in the12-year-old-group.Conclusion The average height and weight of primary school students in Huangqi District of Foshan City are higher than the national standard,but the detection rate of short stature and obesity is relatively high,which needs to attract the great attention of parents,society,the and government departments,and formulate relevant effective measures to promote the healthy growth of children.