2021年福州市中小学生健康状况调查

Study on health status of primary and middle school students in Fuzhou City in 2021

目的了解福州市中小学生健康状况,为促进学生健康提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取福州市共1496名中小学生作为调查对象,进行一般情况、身高、体重、视力、龋齿的调查。采用χ^(2)检验和Mantel-Haenszelχ^(2)检验分别进行率、构成比、趋势分析。结果2021年,福州市中小学生营养不良、超重肥胖、视力不良和龋患率依次为5.4%、30.5%、60.4%、50.3%。男生超重肥胖率较女生高(χ^(2)=31.90,P<0.001),女生视力不良率较男生高(χ^(2)=8.70,P=0.003),差异均有统计学意义。乡镇学生超重肥胖率(χ^(2)=4.75,P=0.029)和龋患率(χ^(2)=10.09,P=0.001)均较城区高,城区学生营养不良率(χ^(2)=7.66,P=0.006)和视力不良率(χ^(2)=11.43,P=0.001)均较乡镇高,差异均有统计学意义。小学生超重肥胖率较中学生高(χ^(2)=5.78,P=0.016),中学生视力不良率较小学生高(χ^(2)=36.24,P<0.001),差异有统计学意义。结论2021年,福州市中小学生营养不良、超重肥胖、视力不良和龋齿问题并存,应及早采取综合有效的预防措施,预防其成年后疾病的发生发展。

Objective To investigate the health status of primary and middle school students in Fuzhou City,so as to provide a reference for promoting student health.Methods A total of 1496 primary and secondary school students in Fuzhou City were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling to investigate their general condition,height,weight,visual acuity,and dental caries,andχ^(2)-test and the Mantel-Haenszelχ^(2)-test were used to analyze the rate,composition ratio,and trend,respectively.Results In 2021,the rates were 5.4%,30.4%,60.4%,and 50.3%for malnutrition,overweight and obesity,poor vision,and caries among primary and middle school students in Fuzhou City respectively.The overweight and obesity rate of the boys was higher than that of the girls(χ^(2)=31.90,P<0.001),and the rate of poor vision of the girls was higher than that of the boys(χ^(2)=8.70,P=0.003),and the differences were statistically significant.The rates of overweight and obesity(χ^(2)=4.75,P=0.029)and caries(χ^(2)=10.09,P=0.001)in rural students were higher than those in urban students,and the rates of malnutrition(χ^(2)=7.66,P=0.006)and poor vision(χ^(2)=11.43,P=0.001)in urban students were higher than those in rural students,and the differences were statistically significant.The overweight and obesity rate of primary school students was higher than that of middle school students(χ^(2)=5.78,P=0.016),and the rate of poor vision of middle school students was lower than that of primary students(χ^(2)=36.24,P<0.001),and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions In 2021,the problems of malnutrition,overweight and obesity,poor vision,and dental caries coexist in primary and middle school students in Fuzhou City.Comprehensive and effective preventive measures should be taken early to prevent the occurrence and development of diseases in adulthood.