福州市台江区居民心血管病危险因素及其聚集分析

Analysis of risk factors and clustering of cardiovascular disease in residents of Taijiang District,Fuzhou City

目的了解福州市台江区居民心血管病危险因素及其聚集情况,为心血管病的防治提供科学依据。方法本研究数据来源于2017—2019年国家心血管疾病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目,共有15283名35~75岁常住居民纳入研究对象范围,研究对象有完整的问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,利用SPSS软件分析心血管病各危险因素及其聚集的检出率,采用logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。结果福州市台江区居民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、超重/肥胖的检出率和吸烟率分别为52.31%、27.06%、19.53%、47.37%和12.10%。有79.51%成年人具有≥1种的心血管病危险因素,有50.51%的成年人存在2种及以上危险因素聚集。男性高血压、糖尿病、超重/肥胖的检出率和吸烟率高于女性,而血脂异常的检出率低于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。随着年龄的增加,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、超重/肥胖的检出率呈现升高的趋势(P均<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=0.408,95%CI:0.369~0.451)出现危险因素聚集的危险性低于男性,而随着年龄(45~54岁:OR=2.705,95%CI:2.183~3.352;55~64岁:OR=6.875,95%CI:5.595~8.448;65~75岁:OR=11.846,95%CI:9.562~14.676)的增长,出现危险因素聚集的危险性明显提高;文化程度(OR=0.839,95%CI:0.762~0.923)高出现危险因素聚集的危险性更低。结论35~75岁人群中,仅20%无心血管病危险因素,50%以上存在2种及以上危险因素聚集,应针对男性、高年龄、文化程度低的居民采取干预措施,降低心血管病的发生风险。

Objective To investigate the risk factors and clustering of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in residents in Taijiang District,Fuzhou City,so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of CVD.Methods The data of this study were derived from the National Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Program for High-risk Groups of Cardiovascular Disease(2017-2019),and a total of 15283 permanent residents aged 35-75 were included in the study,and the study subjects had complete questionnaires,physical examination,and laboratory tests.SPSS software was used to analyze the detection rate of risk factors and clustering of CVD,and a logistic regression model was used to analyze their influencing factors.Results The detection rates of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and overweight/obesity in the Taijiang District of Fuzhou City were 52.31%,27.06%,19.53%,47.37%,and 12.10%,respectively.Totally 79.51%of adults had≥1 risk factor for CVD,and 50.51%of adults had 2 or more risk factors.The detection rates of hypertension,diabetes,overweight/obesity,and smoking rates in men were higher than those in women,while the detection rates of dyslipidemia were lower than those in women,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.001).With the increase of age,the detection rates of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and overweight/obesity showed increasing trends(all P<0.001).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women had a lower risk factor clustering than men(OR=0.408,95%CI:0.369-0.451).With age(45-54 years old:OR=2.705,95%CI:2.183-3.352;55-64 years old:OR=6.875,95%CI:5.595-8.448;65-75 years old:OR=11.846,95%CI:9.562-14.676),the risk factor clustering was significantly increased.The education level was high,and the risk factor aggregation was lower(OR=0.839,95%CI:0.762-0.923).Conclusions Among people aged 35-75,only 20%have no risk factors for CVD,and more than 50%have two or more risk factors,and effective intervention should be taken for male,senior age,and low education level residents to reduce the risk of CVD.