农业转型和乡村振兴背景下的乡村“再野化”:生态系统服务视角的分析

Agricultural Transition,Rural Revitalization and the Rewilding of the Countryside:A Perspective of Ecosystem Services

中国面临集约式农业和过度利用农地所带来的一系列生态问题,“再野化”是用来修复环境和保护生态的一种新的理念和方法。本文阐述了“再野化”理论的核心内容:减少人为干预以恢复生态系统的“野性”,从而最大可能地保护生物多样性,使生态系统可以抵御持续不断且充满未知的干扰,保持生态系统的韧性、持续性和稳定性。本文进一步论述了农业生产在局部尺度和景观尺度下与生态系统的联系,并探讨如何在保障粮食安全的前提下把“再野化”嵌入不同尺度的农业生产。中国农业和农村正在经历巨大的转变,农村人口老龄化和大量人口外流推动农业结构调整。“再野化”或将成为中国农业转型过程中平衡粮食安全和生态可持续的有效方案。为了实现乡村振兴和农业可持续发展的目标,在“三农”政策的制定中必须考虑“再野化”。这不仅是为了提升农业生态系统的韧性,而且是为了在保障粮食安全的同时实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化。

This paper first proposes the concept and theory of"Rewilding",which is currently prevalent intermationally:reducing human intervention to restore the wildness of ecosystems in order to maximize biodiversity,making ecosystems resilient to constant and uncertain disturbances,and maintaining ecosystem resilience,sustainability,and stability.Furthermore,we discuss the linkages between agricultural production and ecosystems at local and landscape scales,and the value that food production contributes to ecosystem services as a part of the ecosystem.In addition,China's agriculture and rural areas are undergoing a dramatic transformation,with an aging and declining rural population leading to a restructuring of agricultural production.In order to realize rural revitalization and sustainable agricultural development,it is necessary to consider rewilding in the"agriculture,rural areas and farmers"policy,which helps enhance the resilience of rural ecosystems and ensure food security while achieving industrial prosperity,ecological livability and common prosperity.