简论博物馆夜间开放的中国实践与发展趋向

The Practice and Development Trend of Museums Opening at Night in China

博物馆夜间开放是文旅融合发展过程中形成的新业态。我国博物馆夜间开放经历了萌芽期、探索期和兴起期三个发展阶段。夜间开放有利于博物馆优化观众结构、提高经济效益、扩大社会影响、加强合作交流、提升服务效能等,但也面临安全、资金、人力、设施、内容等多重困境。因此,未来博物馆夜间开放,可在宏观层面为文化资源转化注入新动能,在中观层面为公众参与夜间活动营造新环境,在微观层面为博物馆高质量发展探索新经验。通过系列组合措施,构建“三位一体”文化治理机制,从而实现博物馆夜间开放“规范化—常态化—精品化”递进式发展路径。

Museums opening at night is a practice that emerged in China's integration of the culture and tourism industries.It has gone through three phases:emerging,exploring,and thriving.Opening at night can help museums optimize their audience structure,generate revenue,grow social impact,improve communication and cooperation,and enhance their services.However,it also faces challenges in security,capital,manpower,facilities as well as curatorial content.To cope with these challenges,efforts can be made in the following aspects:introducing new impetus for the transformation of cultural resources,creating a new environment for public participation in night activities,and exploring new practices for the high-quality development of museums.These efforts will help to build a three-level cultural governance mechanism and eventually realize the"standardization-normalization-refinement"of the practice of opening at night.