2016—2020年中国八省份孕妇贫血患病状况及流行趋势分析

Prevalence and trends of anemia among pregnant women in eight provinces of China from 2016 to 2020

以中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心孕产妇及新生儿健康监测项目中2016—2020年中国八省份219835名孕妇(233250生育人次)为对象,分析其贫血患病状况及变化趋势。结果显示,2016—2020年中国八省孕妇贫血率为41.27%,轻、中、重度贫血率分别为28.56%、12.59%、0.12%;东、中、西部地区孕妇贫血率分别为41.87%、36.09%、44.63%;城市、农村孕妇贫血率分别为39.87%、42.23%。2016—2020年中国八省孕妇贫血率从44.93%降至38.22%,平均每年下降3.86%(95%CI:-5.84%,-1.85%);东部地区孕妇贫血率下降速度[平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)=-6.16%,95%CI:-9.79%,-2.38%]快于中部(AAPC=0.71%,95%CI:-6.59%,8.57%)和西部地区(AAPC=-1.53%,95%CI:-5.19%,2.28%)。2016—2020年孕妇中度贫血率从14.98%降至10.74%,平均每年下降8.72%(95%CI:-12.90%,-4.34%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕妇轻度及重度贫血率的AAPC分别为-1.56%(95%CI:-3.44%,0.36%)、-18.86%(95%CI:-39.88%,9.52%),差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。

This study analyzed the anemia status and change trend of 219835 pregnant women in eight provinces from 2016 to 2020 in the Maternal and Newborn Health Monitoring Program(MNHMP).The results showed that from 2016 to 2020,the anemia rate of pregnant women in eight provinces was 41.27%,and the rates of mild,moderate and severe anemia were 28.56%,12.59%and 0.12%respectively;the anemia rates in eastern,central and western regions were 41.87%,36.09%and 44.63%respectively,and the anemia rates in urban and rural areas were 39.87%and 42.23%.From 2016 to 2020,the anemia rate of pregnant women decreased from 44.93%to 38.22%,with an average annual decline of 3.86%(95%CI:-5.84%,-1.85%).The anemia rate among pregnant women of the eastern region(AAPC=-6.16%,95%CI:-9.79%,-2.38%)fell faster than that among pregnant women of the central region(AAPC=0.71%,95%CI:-6.59%,8.57%)and western region(AAPC=-1.53%,95%CI:-5.19%,2.28%).From 2016 to 2020,the moderate anemia rate in pregnant women decreased from 14.98%to 10.74%,with an average annual decline of 8.72%(95%CI:-12.90%,-4.34%),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);AAPC for mild and severe anemia in pregnant women was 1.56%(95%CI:3.44%,0.36%)and 18.86%(95%CI:39.88%,9.52%),respectively,without statistically significant difference(P>0.05).