单细胞测序技术及其在结直肠癌中的研究进展

Single cell sequencing and its advance in colorectal cancer research

结肠直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三常见及第二位肿瘤致死癌症疾病,由于基因突变的发生及肿瘤转移等事件造成CRC的预后不良。单细胞测序技术可以在单细胞水平上进行基因组、转录组、表观遗传学的高通量测序分析,在肿瘤免疫微环境分析、肿瘤异质性检测、肿瘤转移机制探究及循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)监测等有着特殊的技术优势。本文简要介绍了单细胞测序的技术流程及数据处理并回顾目前单细胞测序在CRC应用进展,从而为了解CRC发生及肿瘤进展过程中的肿瘤内异质性、深入理解CTCs的应用与寻找新的药物作用靶点提供参考。

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is known as the third most common and second leading deadly cancer disease in the world.Gene mutations and tumor metastasis lead to the poor prognosis in CRC.Single cell sequencing technology can provide high-throughput sequencing analysis of genome,transcriptome and epigenetics at the single-cell level.It has special technical advantages in tumor immune microenvironment analysis,tumor heterogeneity detection,tumor metastasis mechanism exploration and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)monitoring.This article briefly introduces the technical process and data processing of single cell sequencing and reviews the current application progress of single cell sequencing in CRC,so as to provide a reference for understanding the intratumoral heterogeneity in the process of CRC occurrence and tumor progression,further understanding the application of CTCs and the research of novel drug targets.