某型潜艇舱室微生物气溶胶污染状况与艇员卫生健康的相关性分析

Correlation analysis between microbial aerosol pollution in a type of submarine compartments and submariners’ health

目的评价某型潜艇长航后舱室微生物气溶胶污染状况对艇员身体健康造成的影响。方法(1)富集长航前后舱室空气样本,分析其气载微生物构成变化。(2)采用随机抽样法对长航后31名艇员进行9种病原菌IgM抗体和曲霉菌IgG抗体检测;对30名艇员长航前后血清IgG、IgA、IgM及白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-8、炎症蛋白-10(IP-10)进行配对检测。结果(1)潜艇长航前可培养微生物分类为21个属56个种,长航后为37个属80个种;长航后丝状真菌和革兰氏阴性杆菌占比明显增加;长航前后均未检测到呼吸道病毒、支原体、衣原体、嗜肺军团菌核酸。(2)长航后艇员血清IgG和IgA水平较长航前显著升高(P<0.01);血清IL-2和IL-8水平降低,IL-4和IP-10水平升高,各组分变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05);长航后肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性率为21.62%,乙型流感病毒IgM抗体阳性率为5.41%,副流感病毒IgM抗体阳性率为2.70%,曲霉菌IgG抗体阳性率为16.67%。结论某型潜艇长航后舱室气载微生物种群的生物多样性增加,以真菌和革兰氏阴性杆菌增加为主要特征;多种病原菌特异性抗体的产生可能与舱室微生物气溶胶污染存在相关性;血清学标志物检测结果佐证了艇员可能因微生物气溶胶暴露产生了适应性免疫反应。

Objective To evaluate the effects of microbial aerosol pollution in a type of submarine compartments on the health of submariners.Methods(1)Air samples in different compartments before and after a long-range navigation were collected to analyze the biological composition changes of airborne microorganisms.(2)The IgM of nine kinds of pathogenic bacteria and aspergillus IgG antibodies were detected in 31 submariners by random sampling method.Before and after the long-range navigation,serum IgG,IgA,IgM,IL-2,IL-4,IL-8,and IP-10 of 30 submariners were detected for pairwise comparison.Results(1)There were 21 species/56 genera of airborne microorganisms before the long-range navigation,and 37 species/80 genera after the long-range navigation.The proportions of filamentous fungi and Gram-negative bacilli were increased significantly after the long-range navigation.No respiratory viruses,mycoplasma,chlamydia,or nucleic acid of Legionella pneumophila were detected before and after the long-range navigation.(2)After the long-range navigation,serum IgG and IgA levels significantly increased(P<0.01),serum IL-2 and IL-8 levels decreased,and IL-4 and IP-10 levels increased,each change was statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rates of IgM antibodies to mycoplasma pneumoniae,influenza B virus,and parainfluenza virus were 21.62%,5.41%,and 2.70%,respectively.The positive rate of IgG antibody to aspergillus was 16.67%.Conclusions After a long-range navigation,the biodiversity of airborne microbial population in the compartments of a type submarine has increased,mainly characterized by the increases of fungi and Gram-negative bacilli.The generation of specific antibodies to various pathogens may be related to the microbial aerosol pollution in the compartments.The test results of serum markers provided further evidence that the crew may have an adaptive immune response due to microbial aerosol exposure.