纳斯鲍姆能力进路视域下的家庭正义理论研究——兼与罗尔斯的比较

A Study of the Theory of Family Justice from the Perspective of Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach-A Comparison with Rawls'theory

在主流正义论中,家庭处于边缘地位。罗尔斯把分配社会合作收益和代价的社会基本结构作为其正义论的核心宗旨,虽然政治正义原则适用于家庭的基本机构,但并不直接应用于它的内部生活。纳斯鲍姆对此进行了质疑并对产生这一困境的原因进行了分析。其一,因罗尔斯沿用了传统西方政治思想史公共领域和私人领域的区分;其二,在罗尔斯的正义理论中,契约主体被设定为理性的成年人。相比于罗尔斯的契约论方法,纳斯鲍姆的能力进路更适合家庭正义问题,通过核心能力清单,家庭正义可把握为家庭所有成员平等尊严的正当实现。

The family is marginalized in the mainstream theory of justice.Rawls regards the basic social structure of distributing the benefits and costs of social cooperation as the core purpose of his theory of justice.Although the principle of political justice applies to the basic institution of the family,it does not directly apply to its internal life.Nussbaum questioned Rawls'above viewpoint and analyzed the reasons for this dilemma.First,Rawls used the distinction between the public and private spheres in the history of traditional Western political thoughts.Secondly,the subject of the contract is set as a rational adult in Rawls'theory of justice.Compared with Rawls'approach of contractarianism,Nussbaum's approach of capabilities is more suitable for family justice issues.Through the list of central capabilities,family justice can be grasped as the legitimate realization of the equal dignity of all members of the family.