长江退捕渔民转业安置满意度与问题研究——基于南京市退捕渔民转业安置情况的调查

Research on the satisfaction problems for the resettlement of retired fishermen in the Yangtze River basin:based on the survey of the returned fisherman in Nanjing

长江是我国淡水渔业资源宝库,但由于过度捕捞,其鱼类资源持续衰退,水域生态环境遭到严重破坏。为恢复长江渔业资源,保护生态环境,2020年1月国家农业农村部开始实施为期十年的长江禁渔计划,流域内二十余万渔民受影响退捕上岸。本文对长江南京段转业安置渔民村的182户渔民生活现状和可持续生计进行了实地考察与问卷调查,了解退捕措施细节和生活现状。通过Logit模型分析影响渔民满意度的因素,总结目前退捕渔民的再就业、收入、社保等情况,并在经济补偿一定的情况下,从具体的政策实施、社区建设、文化宣传等角度提出建议,以期提高渔民对转业安置生活的满意度,激发渔民对禁渔计划的支持,使长江禁渔工作妥善有序进行。

The Yangtze River is an important ecological treasure in China,its fish resources continue to decline and its ecological environment has been severely damaged due to overfishing.In order to restore the ecology of the Yangtze River,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China started a ten-year fishing ban program for the Yangtze River in January 2020,and more than 200,000 fishermen in the basin were affected and retired to the shore.This paper conducted a field study and questionnaire survey on the current living conditions and sustainable livelihoods of 182 fishermen households in the resettled fishermen village in Nanjing section of the Yangtze River to understand the details of the retirement measures and the current living conditions.The factors affecting fishermen's satisfaction are analyzed by Logit model to summarize the current livelihood problems of the retreated fishermen.Under the condition of certain economic compensation,suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of specific policy implementation,community construction,and cultural propaganda,with a view to improve fishermen's satisfaction with the subsumed livelihood,with a view to stimulate fishermen's support for the fishing ban program and make the Yangtze River fishing ban properly and orderly.