全球价值链重构的利益分配及其对中国的影响研究

Research on Gain Distribution of Global Value Chains Restructuring and its Impact on China

全球价值链重构的利益分配动态发展格局表明,中国制造业相对获利水平显著提升,但受中美贸易摩擦的影响,其获利能力受到削弱;中国在服务贸易利益分配中仍处于相对弱势地位;制造工序是中国最重要的获利来源,管理工序相对获利能力持续偏低,研发与营销工序相对获利能力缓慢增长。全球价值链贸易利益分配重构对中国产生深刻影响,外循环贸易获利能力对中国经济发展的拉动作用减弱;跨国公司战略调整下,中国依靠国内大市场主动进行价值链重构的战略空间相对更广;数字技术竞争加剧对中国向价值链高端攀升形成严峻挑战。为此,中国可推动价值创造内生动力由国际市场向国内大市场转化,促进价值链分工优势从制造领域向服务领域延伸,以制度型开放主动融入全球创新链,依托RCEP与“一带一路”重构区域价值链,实现在全球价值链贸易利益分配中的互利共赢。

The dynamic development pattern of gains distribution in global value chain restructuring shows that the relative gains of China's manufacturing industry has improved significantly,but its trade profitability has been weakened by the impact of the Sino-US trade war;at the same time,China is still in a relatively weak position in the distribution of service trade gains;the manufacturing process is the most important source of gains in China,the profitability of management process continues to be low,and the relative profitability of RD and marketing process grows slowly.The restructuring of trade gain distribution in global value chain has a profound impact on China.The external circulation's driving effect on China's economic development has been weakened;China has more strategic space to take the initiative to restructure the value chain by relying on the large domestic market under the strategic adjustment of multinational corporations;intensified competition in digital technologies pose severe challenges to China's move up to higher end of the global value chain.China should shift the endogenous driving force for value creation from the international market to the large domestic market;expand the advantage of value chains division from the field of manufacturing to service;integrates into the global innovation chains with institutional openness actively;restructure the regional value chains through RCEP and the Belt and Road Initiative,and achieve mutual benefits and win-win results in the redistribution of trade gains in global value chains.