新型冠状病毒疫苗接种与儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎的关系

The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and COVID-19 in children

目的分析儿童新型冠状病毒疫苗接种情况,探讨新型冠状病毒疫苗接种与儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎的关系。方法回顾性分析2022年2月15日至2022年3月18日深圳市第三人民医院收治的335例儿童新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染病例的临床资料。结果335例新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者中接种新型冠状病毒疫苗174例(51.9%);3~<6岁组接种疫苗33例,占该年龄组的31.4%;6~<14岁组接种疫苗141例,占该年龄组的61.3%。6~<14岁组与3~<6岁组的新冠疫苗接种比例差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.1,P<0.05)。在本研究队列、3~<6岁组和6~<14岁组中,接种新冠疫苗与未接种新冠疫苗的确诊病例占比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在本研究队列中,接种1剂次新冠疫苗、接种2剂次及以上新冠疫苗的确诊病例比例分别为89.5%(68例)、77.6%(76例);在6~<14岁组中,接种1剂次新冠疫苗、接种2剂次及以上新冠疫苗的确诊病例比例分别为90.0%(54例)、76.5%(62例);差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.264,P<0.05;χ^(2)=4.279,P<0.05)。本研究队列中接种1剂次新冠疫苗其新型冠状病毒抗体IgG水平[18.28(6.61,55.2)AU/mL]低于2剂次及以上者[58.3(25.85,131.41)AU/mL];在6~<14岁组中接种1剂次新冠疫苗其新型冠状病毒抗体IgG水平[20.13(8.33,44.33)AU/mL]低于接种2剂次及以上者[56.57(25.85,150.07)AU/mL],差异均有统计学意义(Z=-4.37,P<0.05;Z=-3.96,P<0.05)。结论与接种1剂次新冠疫苗相比,接种2剂次新冠疫苗的儿童新冠肺炎的发生较低且新冠抗体水平更高,建议儿童全程接种新型冠状病毒疫苗以减少新型冠状病毒肺炎发生率。

Objective To analyze the vaccination status of SARS-CoV-2 in children,and explore the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and COVID-19 in children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 335 cases of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection from February 15,2022 to March 18,2022 in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital.Results Among 335 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection,174(51.9%)cases were vaccinated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine;33(31.4%)cases were vaccinated in the 3-<6 years old group;141(61.3%)cases were vaccinated in the 6-<14 years old group.There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination between the 6-<14 years old group and the 3-<6 years old group(χ^(2)=26.1,P<0.05).In the study cohort,3-<6 years old group and 6-<14 years old group,there was no significant difference in the incidence of COVID-19 in the vaccinated group compared with the unvaccinated group(P>0.05).In the study cohort,the proportion of confirmed cases of 1 dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and 2 doses or more of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was 89.5%(68 cases)and 77.6%(76 cases),respectively;in the 6~<14 years old group,the proportion of confirmed cases of 1 dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and 2 doses or more of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was 90.0%(54 cases)and 76.5%(62 cases),respectively;the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.264,P<0.05;χ^(2)=4.279,P<0.05).The IgG levels of 18.28(6.61,55.2)AU/mL and 58.3(25.85,131.41)AU/mL in the study cohort who were vaccinated for 1 dose,2 doses and more,respectively;the IgG levels of 20.13(8.33,44.33)AU/mL and 56.57(25.85,150.07)AU/mL in the 6~<14 years old group who were vaccinated for 1 dose,2 doses and more,respectively;and the differences were statistically significant(Z=-4.37,P<0.05;Z=-3.96,P<0.05).Conclusions Children who received 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have a lower incidence of COVID-19 and higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with who received 1 dose.It is recommended that children are advised to be vaccinated against the COVID-19.