中国劳动收入份额变动分析

Analysis on the Change of China’s Labor Income Share

本文采用基于理论方法构建的数据,分析中国劳动收入份额在1978-2018年的变动情况,着重考察其自2008年以来不断上升的原因,并分解劳动收入份额增长率以探索增长的动力和行业来源。从动力来源角度,中国劳动收入份额增长率在2008-2018年的进一步上升主要来自实际劳动报酬的上升,其次是TFP增长率的下降,而资本深化对劳动收入份额增长的抑制作用在增强。从行业角度来看,2008-2018年,农业对中国劳动收入份额增长的贡献率大幅下降,大部分工业部门对中国劳动收入份额带来的增长贡献被一部分工业部门带来的增长损失抵消掉,服务业是中国劳动收入份额增长率在2008-2018年进一步上升的主要行业来源。努力提升劳动力回报和TFP应是政府制定旨在提升劳动收入份额政策的主要着力点。

This paper analyzes the changes in China's labor income share from 1978 to 2018,focuses on the reasons for its rising since 2008,and decomposes its growth rate to explore its driving sources and industry sources by using data based on theoretical methods.From the perspective of driving sources,the further increase in the growth rate of China's labor income share between 2008 and 2018 was mainly due to the increase in real labor compensation,followed by the decline in TFP growth rate,while the inhibitory effect of capital deepening on labor income share growth was enhancing.From the perspective of industry sources,from 2008 to 2018,the contribution of agriculture to the growth of China's labor income share dropped sharply.The comprehensive contribution from most of industrial sectors to the growth of China's labor income share was offset by the growth losses caused by some industrial sectors.The service industry was the main industry source for the further increase in the growth rate of China's labor income share during 2008-2018.Improving labor returns and TFP should be the main focus of the government's policy to increase labor income share.