算法设计伦理治理的立场、争论与对策

The Standpoint,Controversy and Countermeasures of Ethical Governance of Algorithm Design

算法伦理问题直接产生于算法设计实践,而算法设计的伦理问题源自不同算法设计者的伦理立场,是现实世界与技术界互动交融的结果。根据算法设计主体的差异化价值取向,可将相关伦理立场分为功利论、契约论、义务论、德性论等四大类型。算法设计的四种伦理立场在治理中极易导致四种特性鲜明的伦理倾向,即功利论下技治主义的弱正义性、契约论下规则主义的强形式公正性、义务论下规范主义的弱目的性以及德性论下自律主义的不可控性。算法设计的伦理治理应以构建负责人的多元主体参与的治理网络为指引,在实践中要遵守算法向善的基本价值立场,坚持公共善的核心伦理导向和负责人的可持续发展观,实现算法设计道德化的全流程覆盖并完善相关伦理治理体系。

The ethical problem of algorithm comes directly from the practice of algorithm design,and the ethical problem of algorithm design,in turn,comes from the ethical position of different algorithm designers,which is the result of the interaction between the real world and the technical community.According to the differentiated value orientation of algorithm design subjects,relevant ethical positions can be divided into four types:utilitarianism,contract theory,obligation theory and virtue theory.The four ethical positions of algorithm design can easily lead to four distinctive ethical tendencies in ethical governance,namely,the weak justice of technological governance under utilitarian theory,the strong formal justice of ruleism under contract theory,the weak purpose of normative theory under obligation theory and the uncontrollability of self-discipline under virtue theory.The ethical governance of algorithm design should be guided by the construction of a governance network with the participation of multiple subjects of the person in charge.In practice,we should abide by the basic value position of the algorithm towards good,adhere to the core ethical guidance of public good and the sustainable development view of the person in charge,realize the whole process coverage of the moralization of algorithm design,and improve the ethical governance system of algorithm design.