不同坡向微气候对‘霞多丽’葡萄果实品质的影响

Effect of microclimates in different slope aspects on quality of ‘Chardonnay’ grape berries

【目的】探讨不同坡向微气候对葡萄生长和果实品质的影响,为建立优质的酿酒葡萄种植园提供参考依据。【方法】以酿酒葡萄品种‘霞多丽’为材料,对葡萄种植地南坡、东坡、北坡3个坡向的微气候因素进行监测,测定不同坡向‘霞多丽’的果实品质指标,将果实品质与微气候因子进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析,研究地形对酿酒葡萄品质的影响。【结果】(1)葡萄种植园在2020年8月13日(晴天)和8月14日(阴天)太阳直射条件下东坡光照强度最强;7、8月(果实成熟期)的平均气温和平均湿度、地上150 cm月平均最高温度、地下10 cm土壤日最低温度和地下20 cm土壤日最高温度的变化趋势显著且均为南坡>东坡>北坡,而9月的微气候因子变化趋势不显著,南坡的温度和湿度高于北坡、东坡。(2)2020年和2021年‘霞多丽’可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量、固酸比、糖酸比南坡最大,可滴定酸和总酚含量北坡最大。(3)7、8月(果实成熟期)空气湿度与‘霞多丽’果实的可滴定酸、单宁、总酚呈负相关,与百粒重、可溶性固形物、还原糖呈正相关;7、8月不同坡向果实微气候地上部温度与‘霞多丽’的百粒重、可溶性固形物、还原糖呈负相关;7、8月地下部温度与‘霞多丽’的百粒重、可溶性固形物呈负相关;7月地上50 cm日较差与‘霞多丽’的百粒重、可溶性固形物、还原糖呈负相关,与可滴定酸、总酚呈正相关;8-9月水热系数与‘霞多丽’果实的可滴定酸、固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著正相关;而9月微气候因子与‘霞多丽’果实的果实品质的关系不显著。(4)‘霞多丽’果实品质受地下部温度影响不显著,受气象因子(水热系数、平均温度、平均湿度)影响较大。【结论】葡萄种植园不同坡向微气候显著影响葡萄果实品质的形成,其互补效应对葡萄果实品质的影响更大;青铜峡产区酿酒葡萄最适合的坡向为南坡,其微气候温湿度高,更有利糖分积累,果实成熟度好更有利于酿造优质的葡萄酒。

【Objective】The study aimed to discuss effects of microclimates on grape growth and fruit quality to provide a reference for establishing a high-quality wine grape plantation.【Method】Taking wine grape‘Chardonnay'as the material,the micro-climate factors in the south slope,the east slope and the north slope of the grape planting area were monitored,and the fruit quality indexes of grapes in different slope directions were measured.The correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were carried out to study the influence of topography on the quality of wine grapes.【Result】(i)In the sunny and cloudy days of August 13 and 14,2020,the light intensity on the east slope of the grape plantation was the strongest;In July and August,the variation trends of the average temperature and average humidity at fruit maturity,the average monthly maximum temperature of 150 cm above ground,the daily minimum temperature of 10 cm underground soil and the daily maximum temperature of 20 cm underground soil were prominent and all were in the order of south slope east slope north slope,while the variation trend of microclimate factors in September was not noticeable.The temperature and humidity of the south slope were higher than the north slope and east slope.(ii)In 2020 and 2021,the soluble solids content,reducing sugar content,solid-acid ratio,and the sugar-acid ratio of‘Chardonnay'grape were the highest on the south slope,and the titratable acid and total phenol content were the highest on the north slope.(iii)In July and August,humidity at the fruit maturity stage was negatively correlated with titratable acid,tannin and total phenol and positively associated with 100-grain weight,soluble solids and reducing sugar.The aboveground temperature in July and August was negatively related to 100-grain weight,soluble solids and reducing sugar.The underground temperature in July and August was negatively correlated with 100-grain weight and soluble solids.In July,the diurnal range of 50 cm above the ground was negatively correlated with 100-grain weight,soluble solids and reducing sugar and positively associated with titratable acid and total phenol.From August to September,the hydrothermal coefficient showed a significant positive correlation with titratable acid,solid-acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio.The relationship between microclimate factors and fruit quality was not substantial in September.(iv)Fruit quality was the least significantly affected by underground temperature and was the most affected by meteorological factors(hydrothermal coefficient,average temperature,average humidity).【Conclusion】Microclimate of grape plantation significantly affected the formation of fruit quality,and its complementary effect had a more significant impact on grapefruit quality.The most suitable slope for wine grapes in Qingtongxia production area is the southern slope.The higher microclimate temperature and humidity is conducive to the accumulation of sugar,and the good ripeness of the fruit is conducive to the production of high-quality wine.