云南9种常见菊科杂草叶片性状研究

Leaf traits of nine common species of compositae weeds in Yunnan province

【目的】比较云南9种常见菊科杂草的叶片性状,探究云南不同菊科杂草的环境适应性。【方法】以云南常见的9种菊科杂草为试验材料,对叶片解剖结构特征、化学计量特征以及叶绿素荧光参数等叶片性状进行测定。【结果】9种菊科杂草的叶片解剖结构特征数值、气孔密度、叶脉密度、叶面积、比叶面积等叶片性状存在显著差异,其磷(P)含量(1.61~1.82 mg/g)均高于中国陆生植物平均水平,除苦苣菜和青蒿外,其它7种菊科杂草的氮(N)含量(25.23~63.52 mg/g)均高于中国及全球陆生植物平均水平,PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均大于0.7,表现出良好的光合特性,说明菊科杂草对云南当地环境具有较好的适应性。对土著种和入侵种的综合分析显示,土著种杂草的叶片性状变异系数在2.51%~61.66%,入侵种杂草的叶片性状变异系数在2.44%~80.89%。不同种杂草对云南干燥环境适应性策略存在差异,入侵种银胶菊具有最厚的角质层(13.98μm)及栅栏组织(145.57μm),有助于减少水分散失,而土著种苦苣菜具有最厚的表皮层(65.22μm)和最大的气孔密度(331.55个/mm2)及叶脉密度(10.32 cm/cm2),有助于减少水分散失,提高蒸腾调节能力和水分运输能力,应对干燥环境。【结论】9种菊科杂草对云南当地环境均具有良好的适应性,叶片性状的差异反应出不同种类菊科杂草对云南干燥环境适应性策略的差异。研究结果将为菊科杂草的适应性研究和防治策略提供参考。

【Objective】The article aimed to compare the leaf traits of nine common compositae weeds in Yunnan province,and explore the adaptability of different compositae weeds.【Method】Nine common compositae weeds in Yunnan province were used as materials to measure the leaf traits,stoichiometric characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.【Result】There were significant differences in leaf anatomical characteristics,stomatal density,leaf vein density,leaf area and specific leaf area among the nine compositae weeds.The phosphorus(P)content(1.61-1.82 mg/g)was higher than the national average level of land plants,the nitrogen(N)content of other seven species(25.23-63.52 mg/g)except for Sonchus oleraceus and Artemisia annua was higher than the global average level of terrestrial plants,and F_v/F_m was more than 0.7 in all species which revealed good photosynthetic characteristics,therefore indicated that compositae weeds had good adaptability to the environment of Yunnan province.Comprehensive analysis of indigenous and invasive weeds showed that the variation coefficient of leaf traits in indigenous and invasive weeds was 2.51%-61.66%and 2.44%-80.89%,respectively.Different weeds possessed different adaptation strategies to the dry environment in Yunnan province.The invasive species Parthenium hysterophorus had the thickest cuticle(13.98μm)and palisade tissue(145.57μm),which were helpful to reduce water loss.However,the indigenous species S.oleraceus had the thickest epidermis(65.22μm),the largest stomatal density(331.55 N/mm^(2))and leaf vein density(10.32 cm/cm^(2)),which were helpful to reduce water dissipation,as well as improve transpiration regulation and water transport capacity to cope with dry environment.【Conclusion】The nine species of compositae weeds had good adaptability to the local environment in Yunnan province,and differences in leaf traits reflected differences in adaptive strategies of different compositae species to the dry environment in Yunnan province.The results would provide reference for the study of the adaptive mechanism and the control strategies of compositae weeds in Yunnan province.