伊犁河游流域可培养水生真菌多样性及胞外酶活性

Diversity of culturable fungi and screening of extracellular enzyme activities in water environment of the Ili River basin

【目的】探究伊犁河流域可培养真菌多样性及产胞外酶活性菌株,了解真菌在伊犁河流域中的分布。【方法】采用稀释涂布加平板划线法分离纯化真菌菌株,应用ITS区序列分析可培养真菌的多样性和系统发育关系,通过胞外酶定性筛选培养基进行产胞外酶活性菌株筛选。【结果】从伊犁河流域中分离获得248株可培养真菌,其中水体有116株,沉积物有132株,归属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)三大系统发育类群,11个纲,26个目,44个科,82个属,以及4个潜在新菌种。伊犁河流域可培养真菌分布表明,4条河流中沉积物分离出可培养真菌的种群多样性比水体更丰富;Shannon指数分析表明,喀什河可培养真菌的群落多样性最高,为3.79,而巩乃斯河最少,为3.21。分离出的真菌产胞外酶活性结果显示,有100株真菌菌株产2种及2种以上胞外酶(主要是淀粉酶、酯酶和纤维素酶)种类,并且伊犁河干流较其他3条河流来说,产胞外酶活性菌株的比例最高,占比为77.59%。【结论】伊犁河流域可培养真菌具有丰富的多样性,贮藏大量值得开发利用的真菌菌种资源。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the diversity of culturable fungi and strains producing extracellular enzymes in the Ili River basin,and to understand the distribution of fungi in the Ili River basin.【Method】The bacterial strains were isolated and purified by dilution coating and plate streak method.The diversity and phylogenetic relationship of cultured fungi were analyzed by ITS region sequence,and the bacterial strains with extracellular enzyme activity were screened by qualitative screening medium.【Result】248 culturable fungi were isolated from the Ili River basin,and there were 116 in water,132 in sediment,belonging to three phylogenetic groups,Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota,11 classes,26 orders,44 families,82 genera and 4 potential new strains.The results of the distribution of culturable fungi in the Ili River basin showed that the diversity of culturable fungi isolate from sediments in the four rivers was richer than that in the water body.Shannon index analysis showed that the community diversity of culturable fungi in Kashi River was the highest,which was 3.79,the Kunes River was the least,which was 3.21.The results of extracellular enzyme activity of isolate fungi showed that 100 fungi strains produced two or more kinds of extracellular enzymes(mainly amylase esterase and cellulase),and the proportion of extracellular enzyme activity in the main stream of Ili River was the highest,accounting for 77.59%.【Conclusion】There are abundant diversity of culturable fungi in the Ili River basin,and a large number of fungi species resources worth development and utilization were stored.