“陪孩子考大学”:社会再生产视野下高考陪读母亲的照料劳动

“Accompanying Children Admitted to College”:Accompanying Mothers'Care Work for College Entrance Examination from the Perspective of Social Reproduction

社会再生产不仅表现为劳动力与生产关系的再生产,而且表现为生命的再生产。生育、照料劳动与学校教育是社会再生产的重要方式。现代学校教育以其合法的权威体系维系着社会阶层结构再生产,妇女作为生育与照料劳动的主体正成为家庭参与教育竞争的重要主体。高考陪读现象表明劳动家庭并非被动顺应阶层的代际复制,而是以女性家长陪读照料的再生产劳动在微观层面抵抗社会阶层再生产。陪读劳动具有双重属性:一方面,它迎合教育对学生分流制度而维系劳动力的再生产;另一方面,它是以母爱为基础服务于生命的再生产。当生命的再生产被劳动力的再生产裹挟,为实现学生个体对父母辈劳动命运的逃离,劳动家庭反而加强对考学路径的依赖。

Social reproduction is not only the reproduction of labor force and production relations but also the reproduction of life.Childbearing,care work and school education have become important approaches to social reproduction.Due to its legal authority,the modern school education system maintains the reproduction of a social stratum structure.Women,as the principal part of childbearing and care work,are becoming an important part of families to participate in the educational competition.The phenomenon of accompanying students for college entrance examination suggests that working-class families do not passively conform to the intergenerational replication of the social stratum but resist the reproduction of the social stratum at the micro level with the dual compensatory labor of parents’accompanying and students’hard studying.Accompanying labor has its own internal contradictions:on the one hand,it caters to the students’diversion system of education,which maintains the reproduction of the labor force;on the other hand,it serves the reproduction of life on the basis of maternal love.As the reproduction of life is involved by the reproduction of the labor force,working-class families strengthen their dependence on the path of examination and learning in order to escape from the labor fate of the older generation.