语境与谱系:反思威廉·佩恩的欧洲“永久和平计划”

Contextualism and Genealogy:A Reflexivity on William Penn's“Perpetual Peace Project”of Europe

威廉·佩恩欧洲“永久和平计划”的创新性在于重新定义了欧洲和平联盟;矛盾性在于既提倡平等宽容,又怀慕等级制的秩序安宁,既呼吁欧洲各国君主建立“兄弟情谊”,又容忍各国间威胁利诱和尔虞我诈;局限性在于把和平希望寄托在君主的道德良知与私人情谊上,乐观地相信理性与教育可以解决时代危机,忽略了国际政治和宗教的复杂性与民众的作用。然而,若对佩恩欧洲“永久和平计划”的认识止步于此,就略显单薄和庸常了。在多重语境、多维谱系中对佩恩的欧洲“永久和平计划”进行多元反思,有助于得到更为清晰的立体“映像”,即佩恩的欧洲“永久和平计划”不再是拘泥于某种逼仄语境主义的教条,而是在谱系学和反思性中不断被激活、阐释和对话的学说。佩恩的欧洲“永久和平计划”具有客观事实和主观意义所构成的二元特征。客观事实和主观意义在语境和谱系中的互动和转化,有助于打破线性思维和循环思维,有益于构建立体思维,进而为人们理解和阐释国际思想史提供新的路径和视角。

The innovation of William Penn's“Perpetual Peace Project”of Europe lies in the redefining of the European Peace Union;the contradiction lies in advocating equality and tolerance,while admiring the order and tranquility of hierarchy,calling for the“brotherhood”of European sovereigns,yet tolerating threats and deception among nations;the limitation lies in the fact that it places the hope of peace on the moral conscience and private friendship of the monarch,and optimistically believes that reason and education can solve the crisis of the times,ignoring the complexity of international politics,religion and the role of the people.However,this understanding of Penn's“Perpetual Peace Project”of Europe is slightly thin and mediocre.In order to get a clearer three-dimensional“image”,Penn's“Perpetual Peace Project”of Europe should be reflected in multiple contexts and multi-dimensional genealogy.That is to say,Penn's“Perpetual Peace Project”of Europe is no longer a doctrine of narrow contextualism,but a theory that is constantly activated,explained and discussed in genealogy and reflection.Penn's“Perpetual Peace Project”of Europe is characterized by the duality of objective fact and subjective meaning.The interaction and transformation of objective facts and subjective meanings in context and genealogy is conducive to breaking linear thinking and circular thinking,constructing three-dimensional thinking,and then providing a new path and perspective for people to understand and interpret the history of international thought.