基于东亚视角的越南乡亭研究

A Study of Vietnam Rural Pavilion from an East-Asian Perspective

乡亭又称村亭、社亭,是越南乡村民众祭祀、聚会议事的场所,具有行政、信仰和文化的功能。乡亭遍布越南全国城乡,尤以河内地区较集中。乡亭里供奉城隍神、地方神或英雄。乡亭在形制、空间、构架和装饰上都表现出越南建筑的文化特质,其某些特征与毗邻我国的西南及东南沿海地区传统建筑亦有密切关联,是东亚建筑文化体系的重要类型,其斜梁构架也是东亚木构建筑最重要的构架类型之一。

Rural pavilion,which is also known as village pavilion and community pavilion,is a special type of Vietnamese traditional architecture.As a place for rural people to sacrifice and meet,it has the function of administration,belief and culture.Rural pavilions are built all over urban and rural areas in Vietnam,especially in Hanoi areas,honoring the city god,the local god or heroes.The rural pavilion shows the cultural characteristics of Vietnamese architecture,while some are closely related to the traditional architecture in the adjacent southwest and southeast coastal areas in China,and is an important typology of East Asian architectural system,its inclined beam is one of the most important timber component in East Asian timber architecture.