乾隆南巡时期苏州寒山别墅历史考略与布局复原研究

Historical Examination and Layout Restoration of Hanshan Villa in Suzhou During the Qianlong Southern Tour

“写仿”是清代皇家园林中常用的创作手法,明代赵宧光的寒山别业是乾隆帝在皇家园林中最为重要的写仿对象之一,在乾隆朝分为寒山别墅、千尺雪、法螺寺三景。其中寒山别墅是圆明园紫碧山房写仿原型。本文通过文献分析、现场踏勘、专家走访等方法对乾隆南巡时期改建的寒山别墅进行深入探讨,通过历史文献梳理证实乾隆二十年改建的寒山别墅是紫碧山房写仿的原型;通过辨析现存四张《寒山别墅》图布局、景点情况,结合其他历史文献与现场踏勘GPS布点推断其整体布局并复原乾隆南巡时期寒山别墅平面布局图。研究成果有助于深入了解乾隆南巡时期寒山别墅情况,为进一步研究紫碧山房写仿情况提供了基础材料。

“Imitation”was a common creative technique in the imperial gardens in the Qing Dynasty.The Hanshan of ZhaoYiguang in the Ming Dynasty was one of the most important prototype of Emperor Qianlong in the imperial gardens.In the Qianlong Dynasty,it was divided into three scenes of a Hanshan villa,Qianchixue and Faluosi.Among them,Hanshan Villa was the imitation prototype.Hanshan Villa which was rebuilt during the southern tour of Qianlong was the prototype of ZiBiShanFang in YuanMingYuan.This paper discusses Hanshan Villa which was rebuilt by Qianlong through literature analysis,site survey and expert visit.The historical literature confirms that the Hanshan Villa which was rebuilt in the 20 th year of Qianlong is the prototype of ZiBiShanFang.By analyzing the layout and scenic spots of the four existing Hanshan Villa Map,the overall layout was inferred.Combining the GPS layout with other historical documents and site survey to restore the layout plan of Hanshan Villa.The research results help to have an in-depth understanding of the Hanshan villa during the Qianlong's southern tour and provide basic materials for the further imitation study of the ZiBiShanFang.