2019—2022年商丘市无偿献血血液标本传染病指标检测情况分析

Analysis of infectious disease indicators in blood specimens donated by volunteer blood donors in Shangqiu from 2019 to 2022

目的 分析2019年1月—2022年8月河南商丘市无偿献血者血液标本的传染病指标检测情况,为防控血液传染病风险及制定合理有效的无偿献血者招募策略提供参考。方法 以2019年1月—2022年8月河南省商丘市中心血站采集的250599份无偿献血者的血液标本为研究对象,检测标本乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsA g)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗(-HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体抗-HIV)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)等传染病指标的阳性率。结果 不合格标本共2 837例,不合格率为1,.13%。其中,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)阳性率最高,为0.36%。2019—2022年,无偿献血者血液标本的不合格率呈下降趋势差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别无偿献血者血液标本的不合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),男性的血液标本不合格率高于女性。不同性别无偿献血者血液标本的传染病指标(除抗-HIV)检测阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),男性血液标本抗-HCV、抗-TP、ALT检测阳性率均高于女性。不同年龄段无偿献血者血液标本的不合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中56~60岁者的血液标本不合格率最高,为2.41%。同时,不同年龄段无偿献血者血液标本的传染病指标检测阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P、<0.05),其中56~60岁者的血液标本抗-TP、抗-HCVHBsA g检测阳性率均最高。不同职业无偿献血者血液标本的不合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中自由职业者血液标本的不合格率最高,为1.78%。不同文化程度无偿献血者血液标本的不合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中初中及以下无偿献血者血液标本的不合格率最高,为,1.74%。结论 商丘市2019年1月—2022年8月无偿献血者血液标本不合格率总体较低持续多年来呈稳中有降态势。结合各项血液传染病指标检测阳性率与其分布特征,建议当地血站加强对56~60岁年龄段无偿献血者、初中及以下无偿献血者、农民和自由职业者的健康征询和筛查。

Objective This study aimed to analyze the detection of infectious disease indicators in blood specimens donated by volunteer blood donors in Shangqiu from January 2019 to August 2022 to provide evidence for controlling the risk of bloodborne infectious diseases and formulating reasonable and effective recruitment strategies for volunteer blood donors.Methods The blood specimens of 250599 volunteer blood donors collected by Shangqiu Central Blood Bank from January 2019 to August 2022 were selected as the research samples.The positive rate of infectious disease indicators,such as Hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg),Hepatitis C virus antibody(anti-HCV),Human Immunodeficiency Virus antibody(anti-HIV),and Treponema pallidum antibody(anti-TP),was detected.Results There were 2837 unqualified specimens with a rate of 1.13%.Among them,the alanine aminotransferase(ALT)positive rate was the highest at 0.36%.From 2019 to 2022,the unqualified rate of blood specimens from volunteer blood donors showed a significant decreasing trend(P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the unqualified rate of blood samples from voluntary blood donors of different genders(P<0.05),with the rate of unqualified blood samples was higher in males than in females.There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of infectious disease indicators(except anti-HIV)in blood samples of unpaid blood donors of different genders(P<0.05).and the positive rates of anti-HCV,anti-TP,and ALT detection in male blood samples were higher than those in females.The unqualified rate of blood specimens from volunteer blood donors in different age groups varied significantly(P<0.05).The unqualified rate of blood specimens was the highest in the 56-60 age group at 2.41%.Similarly,significant differences presented in the positive rates of infectious disease indicators in blood specimens from volunteer blood donors of different age groups(P<0.05).The positive rates of anti-TP,anti-HCV,and HBsAg in the blood specimens of the 56-60 age group were the highest.Significant differences also presented in the unqualified rate of blood specimens from volunteer blood donors of different occupations,with the highest unqualified rate found in freelance volunteers at 1.78%(P<0.05).The unqualified rate of blood specimens from volunteer blood donors with different educational levels also varied significantly(P<0.05),with the highest unqualified rate found in those at or below junior high school at 1.74%.Conclusion The unqualified rate of blood samples donated by volunteer blood donors in Shangqiu from January 2019 to August 2022 remains generally low and has been showing a stable downward trend over the years.Considering the positive rates of various blood-borne infectious disease indicators and their distribution characteristics,it is recommended that the local blood bank strengthen health consultations and screenings for volunteer blood donors aged 56-60,an educational level at or below junior high school,farmers,and freelance volunteers.