自适应PDC钻头研制

Development of Self-adapting PDC Bit

传统固定式PDC钻头在一次性钻穿不同岩性地层时,会出现扭转振动、跳钻、黏滑等问题,导致钻头磨损严重,甚至崩齿,影响钻头使用寿命,降低钻井速度。为此,研制一种在钻井过程中可自主调节切削深度的PDC钻头,从其结构特点、工作原理、技术参数选取等方面进行了详细阐述,并通过CAD三维仿真软件对自适应PDC钻头进行力学性能分析,评价其结构合理性和方案可行性。分析结果表明:PDC钻头刀翼采用独立悬挂模式,利用活塞原理使钻头刀翼根据地层变化进行轴向运动来避免钻头振动、黏滑的结构是合理可靠的,满足现场应用条件。自适应PDC钻头研制推动了钻井智能化发展,为解决钻头使用寿命短、钻井效率低问题提供了新的思路和方法。

When the traditional fixed PDC bit drills through different lithologic strata at one time,there will be problems such as torsional vibration,bit skipping,stick slip,etc.,which lead to serious bit wear and even tooth cracking,affecting the service life of the bit and reducing the drilling speed.This paper develops a PDC bit,which can take the initiative to adjust cutting depth in drilling process,and introduces its structure characteristics,working principle,technical parameters selection.CAD 3D simulation software is used to carry out mechanical performance analysis of active adjustable telescopic PDC bit,and evaluate the structure rationality and feasibility.The analysis results show that the structure of PDC bit blade adopts independent hanging mode and piston principle to make the bit blade move axially according to the formation change to avoid bit vibration and stick-slip,which is reasonable and reliable,and meets the field application conditions.The self-adapting PDC bit promotes the intelligent development of drilling,and provides a new idea and method to solve the problems of short service life and low drilling efficiency of the bit.