阿勒泰地区天然草原主要毒草种类与控制方法

Main Types of Poisonous Weeds and Control Methods in Natural Grasslands of Altay Region

阿勒泰地区作为新疆主要畜牧业生产基地之一,占据着得天独厚的畜牧业发展优势。在当地畜牧业经济快速发展的同时,随着气候变化和不合理的利用等因素影响,毒草扩散蔓延趋势加剧。毒草种群扩散导致草原生产力和生物多样性下降,家畜中毒现象也时有发生,给当地牧民造成一定的经济损失,同时给草原生态安全、畜牧业健康发展和巩固脱贫成果埋下隐患。草地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分。目前,阿勒泰地区天然草地毒害草防控措施主要是化学防治。此外,还有人工挖除、机器刈割和采取禁牧轮牧治理等手段。随着社会经济快速发展,全球气候环境变化,毒草已对地区草原生态系统可持续发展和生态文明建设等构成威胁,严重影响草原放牧功能,制约草牧业发展和农牧民增产增收。

As one of the main animal husbandry production bases in Xinjiang,the Altay region occupies a unique advantage in the development of animal husbandry.The local animal husbandry economy develops rapidly.However,with the influence of factors such as climate change and irrational use,the spread of poisonous weeds has intensified.The spread of poisonous weed populations has led to a decline in grassland productivity and biodiversity,and livestock poisoning has also occurred from time to time.This has caused certain economic losses to local herdsmen,and at the same time laid hidden dangers for the ecological security of grasslands,the healthy development of animal husbandry,and the consolidation of poverty alleviation achievements.Grasslands are an important part of terrestrial ecosystems.At present,the control measures of poisonous weeds in natural grasslands in Altay area are mainly chemical control.In addition,there are methods such as manual digging,machine mowing,and grazing prohibition and rotational grazing management.With the rapid development of social economy and the change of global climate and environment,poisonous weeds have threatened the sustainable development of grassland ecosystem and the construction of ecological civilization in the region.This seriously affects the grazing function of grasslands,restricts the development of grassland husbandry and increases the production and income of farmers and herdsmen.