新时代西南地区乡村共同体建设研究——以武陵山区何家岩村为例

A Study on the Building of Rural Community in Southwest China in the New Era:Based on Hejiayan Village in Wuling Mountainous Area

乡村共同体是全面推进乡村振兴的重要行动主体。在乡村产业、人才、文化、生态、组织振兴中推动新时代乡村共同体建设应成为西南地区乡村高质量发展的重要目标。何家岩村以贡米特色产业为基础,发展新型农村集体经济;内外互动统筹乡村基础设施建设,打造宜居宜业和美乡村;以院坝议事模式完善共建共治共享的乡村社会治理体系;共创共享乡村特色文化活动,以文化聚民心等举措,展现了新时代西南地区乡村共同体构建的自觉性和内部力量与外力合作交互的特征。但仍存利益共享实现机制不健全,致共同富裕面临挑战、多元主体参与共建共治共享不平衡不充分及人员外流导致家园建设内生动力不足等困境。西南地区乡村共同体应向共同富裕的利益共同体、全过程人民民主的治理共同体和文化自信自强的文化共同体发展。新时代的西南地区乡村共同体建设遵循中国式现代化建设的本质要求有序推进,行稳致远,必将丰富人类文明新形态的内涵与价值。

Rural community is an important acting subject in advancing all-around rural revitalization.Promoting the building of rural community in the new era should constitute a critical goal of high-quality rural development in southwest China amid its revitalization of rural businesses,talent,culture,ecosystem,and organizations.Hejiayan Village develops new type of rural collective economy based on its characteristic tribute rice industry;it coordinates rural infrastructure construction in and outside the village to build a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is conducive to living and working;it improves a rural governance system of joint building,joint governance and sharing through the courtyard discussion pattern that encourages extensive participation of the villagers;it rallies public support through culture by hosting cultural activities with rural characteristics for all to share.These measures demonstrate the consciousness and collaboration between inherent forces and external ones in the building of rural community in Southwest China in the new era.Nevertheless,Hejiayan Village still faces some conundrums:defective benefit-sharing mechanism poses challenges for achieving common prosperity;unbalanced and inadequate participation of multiple subjects in joint building,joint governance and sharing;and the shortage of internal impetus for growth caused by brain drain.Therefore,rural community in southwest China should head for a community of shared interests and common prosperity,a governance community with whole-process people’s democracy and a cultural community with confidence and strength.In the new era,the building of rural community in southwest China will follow the essential requirements of the Chinese path to modernization in an orderly and steady manner,which will surely enrich the connotation and value of the new form of human civilization.