《诗经》之赋的精神实质与艺术特质

The Spiritual Essence and Artistic Characteristics of Fu in the Book of Songs

相较于比兴,对《诗经》之赋的阐发在今天的学术界常被忽略。钟嵘所说“直书其事,寓言写物”,完成了《诗经》之赋从政教观念到艺术观念的飞跃。《诗经》之赋,其精神实质就是直接陈说事物的创作方法。分为两方面:一是对外在物质世界状况的直接陈说,二是对内在精神世界状况的直接陈说。前者体现了现实主义的普遍性——客观性,其艺术特质在于粗笔勾勒和工笔细描的表现手法。后者体现了浪漫主义的特殊性——直接抒情,其艺术特质在于直抒胸臆的表现手法。

Compared with bixing(metaphor,and inspiration arising from it),the interpretation of fu in the Book of Songs is often neglected in today’s academic circle.Zhong Rong’s statement of“stating the theme directly while conveying thoughts through the image”marked the leap of fu in the Book of Songs from a political and educational concept to an artistic one.The spiritual essence of fu in the Book of Songs is the writing method of directly stating the theme,which is divided into two aspects:one is the direct statement of the external situation in the material world,and the other is the direct statement of the internal situation in the spiritual world.The former embodies the universality of realism,namely objectivity.Its artistic characteristics lie in the expression techniques of rough sketch and meticulous drawing.The latter embodies the particularity of romanticism,namely direct lyricism.Its artistic characteristics lie in the expression method of direct lyricism.