特色小镇过度扩散与治理研究——一个面向我国“特色小镇”政策扩散影响因素的实证探索

Problems of Characteristic Town Excessive Difiusion and Governance--An Empirical Study on the Influential Factors and Reginal Disparities

特色小镇是我国推进新型城镇化的重要手段,也是探索乡村振兴过程中的独特创新。通过“进城不离乡”“就地城镇化”等方式,特色小镇为全国乡村振兴开辟了一条新路。然而,这项立意高远的政策创新在各地具体落实的过程中却出现了意想不到的异化与泛滥现象,许多无特色的乡镇以“特色小镇”名义浪费了公共财政资金,引起了中央的重视。所谓的“特色小镇”在全国过度扩散,其诱发因素不是偶然的。本研究基于2015-2020年间325个地级行政单位的数据,采用事件史分析法,研究特色小镇扩散的影响因素,并比较了这些因素在不同区域的影响。研究发现,财政状况和上级压力是影响特色小镇扩散的最重要因素,而特色小镇扩散也与“地情”密切相关,上级压力与财政状况交互作用加剧了特色小镇过度扩散。未来要治理特色小镇过度扩散问题,应该发挥财政资金和社会资金的双重撬动作用,建立全过程管控与考核制度,并及时监督虚假特色小镇,同时应根据当地实际情况,因地制宜地制定合适的特色小镇建设方案,防止同质化现象的发生。

Characteristic town is an important means for promoting new urbanization in China,as well as a unique innovation in exploring rural revitalization.Through the modes of"urbanization without leaving the countryside"and"local urbanization*',special towns have opened up a new path for rural revitalization across the country.However,in the implementation of this policy,there have been serious phenomena of deviation and proliferation,and many featureless towns have wasted a large amount of public financial resources under the name of**special towns*1,which has aroused the attention of the central government.Based on data from 325 prefecture-level administrative units from 2015 to 2020,this study uses event history analysis to investigate the factors influencing the spread of special towns and compares their effects in different regions.The study found that the financial situation and pressure from higher-level authorities are the deepest factors influencing the spread of special towns,and that the spread of special towns is closely related to local"geographical conditions".In addition,the interaction between pressure from higher-level authorities and the financial situation has further exacerbated the excessive proliferation of special towns.To solve the problem of excessive proliferation of special towns,we should play a dual role of leveraging both financial and social resources,establish an accountability system and supervise false special towns in a timely manner.At the same time,we should also develop suitable special town construction plans based on local conditions and prevent homogenization.