小儿病毒性脑炎神经系统后遗症的危险因素分析

Risk factors analysis for neurological sequelae of viral encephalitis in children

目的探讨小儿病毒性脑炎神经系统后遗症发生的危险因素。方法收集安徽省淮南市第一人民医院2019年1月至2022年1月接诊的80例病毒性脑炎患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。统计病毒性脑炎患儿治疗后出现神经系统后遗症的情况,将发生神经系统后遗症的患儿分为预后不良组,其他患儿分为预后良好组。分析影响病毒性脑炎患儿治疗后出现神经系统后遗症的因素。结果80例病毒性脑炎患儿中24例发生神经系统症状。两组性别、年龄、病程、病灶部位、偏瘫、脏器损伤、脑电图、血钠和白细胞计数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。预后不良组意识障碍、持续惊厥、脑CT异常或脑MRI异常者占比高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。意识障碍、持续惊厥、脑CT异常或脑MRI异常小儿病毒性脑炎神经系统后遗症发生的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论意识障碍、持续惊厥、脑CT异常或脑MRI异常与病毒性脑神经系统后遗症发生有关。

Objective To explore the risk factors of neurological sequelae of viral encephalitis in children.Methods The clinical data of 80 children with pediatric viral encephalitis who were admitted to Huainan First People’s Hospital,Anhui Province from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of neurological sequelae in children with viral encephalitis after treatment was counted,the children with neurological sequelae were divided into poor prognosis group and the other children into good prognosis group.The factors affecting the neurological sequelae in children with viral encephalitis after treatment were analyzed.Results Of the 80 children with viral encephalitis,24 cases had neurological sequelae.There were no significant differences in gender,age,disease course,lesion site,hemiplegia,organ injury,electroencephalogram,serum sodium,and white blood cell count between two groups(P>0.05),the proportion of disorder of consciousness,continuous convulsion,abnormal brain CT,and abnormal brain MRI in poor prognosis group was higher than that in good prognosis group(P<0.05).Disorder of consciousness,continuous convulsion,abnormal brain CT,abnormal brain MRI were risk factors for neurological sequelae in children with viral encephalitis(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion Disorder of consciousness,continuous convulsion,abnormal brain CT,and abnormal brain MRI are associated with the neurological sequelae of viral encephalitis.