基于社区健康自我管理的中老年线上支持需求及特征分析

Analysis of online support demands and characteristics of the middle-aged and elderly based on community health self-management

目的调查社区健康自我管理小组中老年组员对小组线上支持的需求及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样,抽取上海市中心城区和郊区各2个,每个区随机抽取50个社区健康自我管理小组,共840名≥45岁的调查对象进行问卷调查。同时采用目的抽样法每组抽取1名骨干组员进行电话访谈。结果91.0%的调查对象愿意使用社区健康自我管理小组线上支持,并且居住郊区和文化程度初中及以下希望获取帮助者占比较高。45~<60岁[OR=2.311,95%CI(1.167~4.580)]和健康状况好或较好者[OR=1.745,95%CI(1.104~2.759)]对社区健康自我管理小组线上支持的使用满意度更高。组员对线上支持的形式需求依次为获取资讯(89.9%)、趣味活动(86.5%)、同伴交流(85.9%)、专业指导(83.0%)、个人健康管理(77.4%)。主题需求前4位依次为养生保健(70.6%)、慢性病管理(57.4%)、饮食管理(57.4%)、卫生资源政策(49.9%),女性、健康状况一般或较差、文化程度较高和家庭人均年收入>50000元者对各主题需求更高。资讯载体需求以短视频和图文为主,短视频需求不受文化程度影响,与晚辈同住者短视频需求更高。结论应根据人群特征开展社区健康自我管理小组线上支持,注重趣味互动和同伴支持,优化个人管理工具,关注高龄、郊区、低文化程度和健康状况较差者。

Objective To investigate the demands of middle-aged and elderly members of community health self-management groups for online support and its influencing factors.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling,two urban areas and two suburbs areas of Shanghai were selected,and 50 community health self-management groups were randomly selected from each district.A total of 840 respondents aged 45 or above were investigated by questionnaire.Using purposive sampling method,one key member of each group was selected for telephone interviews.Results About 91.0%of the respondents wanted to get online support from community health self-management groups,and the proportion of members needed help was higher in those living in suburban areas and those with a junior high school or lower education level.Members aged 45-<60[OR=2.311,95%CI(1.167-4.580)]and in good health[OR=1.745,95%CI(1.104-2.759)]had higher satisfaction with the use of online support for community health self-management groups.Group members’demands for online support were as follows:information(89.9%),fun activities(86.5%),peer communication(85.9%),professional guidance(83.0%)and personal health management(77.4%).The top four subject demands were health care(70.6%),chronic disease management(57.4%),diet management(57.4%)and health resource and policy(49.9%).Women,people with poor health,high education and household per capita income>50000 yuan per year had higher demand for various subjects.Information carriers demands were mainly short video and graphic.Demand for short video was not affected by education.Those live with younger generations had higher demand for short video.Conclusion Online support for community health self-management groups should be carried out according to population characteristics.Intervention should be interesting,interactive and focus on peer support.Personal management tools should be optimized.Attention should be paid to the aged,suburban,low education and poor health people.