基于IMB模型的口腔健康教育方案在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用

Application of oral health education program based on IMB model in COPD patients

目的探讨基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型(IMB)的口腔健康教育方案在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者口腔保健自我效能、菌斑指数及生活质量方面的应用效果。方法便利抽样法选取2021年12月至2022年3月于河北省中医院住院的72例COPD患者作为研究对象,对照组给予常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上实施基于IMB模型的COPD患者口腔健康教育方案,比较两组患者在干预前、出院当天、出院1月末、出院3月末口腔保健自我效能量表(SESS)评分、菌斑指数、口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-14)评分的差异。结果两组患者SESS水平及菌斑指数比较,均具有时间效应、组间效应和交互效应(P<0.01),OHIP-14比较具有时间效应和交互效应(P<0.05);组间比较显示出院当天、出院1月末、3月末试验组患者SESS得分、菌斑指数均优于对照组(P<0.05);出院3月末试验组患者OHIP-14得分优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模型的口腔健康教育方案能够降低COPD患者菌斑指数,提高口腔保健自我效能水平及生活质量,是一种有效的口腔健康教育方案,可为临床护理人员对COPD患者开展口腔健康管理提供参考与借鉴。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of oral health education program based on information-motivation-behavioral skills model(IMB)on oral health self-efficacy,plaque index and quality of life in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods A total of 72 COPD patients hospitalized in Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the subjects and divided into control group(with routine care)and trial group(with oral health education program based on IMB model and routine care).The self-efficacy scale for self-care(SESS),plaque index(PI)and oral health impact profile(OHIP-14)were compared before intervention,on the day of discharge and at one month and three months after discharge between two groups.Results There were statistical differences in the time effect,intergroup effect and interaction effect in the comparison of SESS and PI between two groups(P<0.01).There were statistical differences in time effect and interaction effect of OHIP-14(P<0.05).The SESS and PI in trial group were significantly better than those in control group on the day of discharge and at one month and three months after discharge(P<0.05).The quality of life in trial group was statistically superior to that in control group at the end of 3 months after discharge(P<0.05).Conclusion IMB model-based oral health education program can reduce the plaque index of patients with COPD and improve oral health self-efficacy and quality of life,which is effect and can provide reference for clinical nurses to carry out oral health management for COPD patients.