论“社会”的形式化疑难——《资本论》科学性的“近康德”阐释

On the Difficulty of Formalization of‘Society’——The Kantian Interpretation of the scientificity of Das Kapital

对马克思作为“社会科学家”的形象的质疑,源于“社会”这个特殊对象的形式化疑难。相对于伯恩施坦、布哈林与黑格尔主义者对马克思主义与社会科学之间关系的阐释路径,如果以康德“目的因果性”概念为参照,反思马克思《资本论》中对“社会有机体”的构造,则不仅可以揭示马克思“社会科学”形式所兼具的“因果性”与“目的性”特征,从而回应《资本论》的科学性质疑,而且还可能基于当代中国社会的特殊性,构造马克思“社会科学”的中国化形式。

The doubts of Marx's image as a‘social scientist'stems from the difficulty of formalization of the special object‘society'.Compared with Bernstein,Bukharin and Hegelians'interpretation of the relationship between Marxism and social science,if we take the concept of‘purposive causality'of Kant as a reference,and reflect it on the structure of the‘social organism'of Marx's Das Kapital,can We not only reveal the characteristics of‘causality'and‘purposiveness'of Marx's‘social science'form,which can answer the scientific doubts of Das Kapital,but also construct the Sinicized form of Marx's‘social science'based on the special characteristics-of contemporary Chinese society.