马克思的“抽象劳动”概念及其意蕴探析

An analysis on Marx's Concept of Abstract Labor and Its Meaning

长期以来,抽象是在认识论意义上被理解的,但是马克思通过对“抽象劳动”的论述,将抽象奠基为社会哲学视域中的重大问题。马克思遵循着抽象思维和从后思索的路径,发现了商品中所蕴含的抽象劳动。马克思认为,抽象劳动概念有着非常具体的社会历史内涵,不能等同于生理学意义上的劳动,但是当现代社会的抽象劳动抽象掉了人的感性生命,从而使工人劳动变成一种单纯的生理学意义上的劳动时,这里的抽象劳动就会展现出丰富的抽象意蕴。它包含两个方面,一个是作为劳动交换之共同尺度的抽象劳动,另一个是压抑人的感性生命的抽象劳动。马克思关于上述问题的论述,为现代社会哲学奠定了最基本的论题。

for a long time,abstraction is understood in the meaning of epistemology,but Marx regards abstraction as an important issue in the view of social philosophy by discussing"abstract labor".Marx obeys the channels of abstract thinking and thinking from later,finding the abstract labor which is hided by merchandise.Marx thinks that the concept of abstract labor has very concrete social and historical connotation and it is not the labor in the meaning of physiology,but when abstract labor in modern society abstracts human's emotional life so that workers'labor is changed to the labor in the meaning of physiology,this abstract labor will show plentiful abstract meaning.Which contains two aspects,the first is the common scale of labor's changes,the second is the oppression over human's emotional life.Marx's discourses establish the most basic issue for modern social philosophy.