摘要
关于上帝存在的道德论证分为理论的论证和实践的论证两大类,它们认为,上帝存在是客观道德价值得以存在的最佳解释,或者上帝是弥补道德裂隙从而实现道德目标的保证。马克思受康德思想的影响,曾短暂地赞同道德论证,随后通过自己的探究对道德论证进行了彻底的批判。马克思否定了信从者的上帝是一切善的主宰,因害怕受到惩罚而行善并不是出于真正的道德,内在恐惧本身也是一种恶。基督徒真正信奉的是天堂幸福的利己主义,因为基督教始终以“我”为其目标。基督教道德感化的秘密就是使人完全沉浸在幻想的彼岸世界,把精力集中于自己的唯灵论的“我”。关于上帝存在的道德论证只是证明了人的道德自我意识的存在,因而实际上是对上帝不存在的证明。
The moral arguments for the existence of God can be divided into two categories:theoretical arguments and practical arguments,which believe that the existence of God is the best explanation for the existence of objective moral values,or that God is the guarantee to make up for moral gaps and achieve moral goals.Influenced by Kant's thought,Marx has agreed with the moral argument for a short period of time,and then thoroughlyy criticized the moral argument through his oown inquiry.Marx denied that the believer's God is the master of all goodness,and doing good because of fear of punishment is not out of true morality,and inner fear itself is also an evil.The true creed of Christians is the happiness in heaven,because Christianity always takes"I"as its goal.The secret of Christian moral transformation is to make people completely immerse in the fantasy world of heaven and concentrate their energy on their spiritualist"I".The moral argument for the existence of God only proves the existence of human moral self-awareness,so it is actually a proof that God does not exist.
基金
国家社科基金项目“马克思对上帝存在论证的批判性理解”(16BZJ003)
重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究重点项目“意识形态观念传播规律及其运用研究”(20SKCH002)阶段性成果。