起源、错位与对勘——《社会契约论》的aliénation难题及其可能解决方案

Origin,Décalage and Collation-The alienation problem of"the Social Contract"and its possible solution

在《社会契约论》中,卢梭指出了经由契约所建立的文明社会存在一个本质的矛盾:文明的发展与人类的异化是一个过程的两个面向而不是两个阶段。为了摆脱异化困境,卢梭在《社会契约论》第一卷第六章提出一个“化圆为方”的悖论重重的方案。阿尔都塞通过对“社会契约”进行图式化分析,发现这系列悖论由连续相关的内在理论错位构成。但阿尔都塞认为这系列错位在现实面前退无可退。本文尝试把《社会契约论》与“二论”联系起来,提供一种阅读卢梭的新的可能性。这种可能性在方法论上表现为三维的空间构造理论;在历史观方面,通过向起源的回溯给予偶然性和可能性充分考量,探索非线性的历史建构范式的可能性。

In"the Social Contract",Rousseau pointed out that there is an essential contradiction in the civilized socieytyestablished through contract:the development of civilization and the alienation of human beings are two aspects of a process rather than two stages.In order to get rid of the dilemma of alienation,Rousseau put forward a paradoxical plan of"turning a circle into a square"in Chapter VI of the first volume of"the Social Contract".Through a schematic analysis of the"social contract",Louis Althusser found that this series of paradoxes consist of continuous and related internal theoretical dislocations.But Althusser believes that this series of dislocation is irreversible in the face of reality.This article attempts to link the"the Social Contract"with"The SecondDiscourse toprovidea new possibility for reading Rousseau.This possibility is expressed in methodologyas a threedimensional space construction theory;in terms of history,a possibility of a non-linear historical construction paradigm is explored by giving full consideration to the contingency and possibility of the backtracking of the origin.