泸县6.0级地震村镇建筑震害调查与分析

Seismic damage investigation and analysis of rural buildings in Ms 6.0 Luxian earthquake

为了分析泸县6.0级地震中村镇建筑的震害,对泸县、泸州市龙马潭区、内江市和自贡市的村镇建筑进行震害调查,总结村镇结构中砖木结构、砖混结构和框架结构的典型震害特征,对评估烈度为Ⅵ~Ⅷ度区域的村镇建筑进行了破坏等级分类、统计与分析。调查与分析结果表明:砖木结构和砖混结构的震害主要表现为墙体开裂、楼(屋)面破坏、非结构构件破坏和整体倒塌;框架结构震害主要表现为墙体开裂、梁柱破坏和非结构构件破坏。其中,砖木结构、砖混结构和框架结构的严重破坏分别为18.20%、13.08%和4.01%,倒塌分别占0.33%、0.01%和0。此次泸县地震中,砖木结构的严重破坏比例是框架结构的4倍,砖木结构的倒塌户数是砖混结构的7倍,而框架结构未出现倒塌。3种结构抗震能力由强到弱依次为:框架结构、砖混结构、砖木结构。针对不同结构的震害特征,建议加强结构抗震措施,并研究人员逃生和避难策略,为减少村镇人员的地震伤亡提供技术支撑。根据不同结构类型的破坏情况统计,建议将现场震害调查和区域震害模拟相结合,研究村镇建筑的震害规律,以期为探索村镇建筑的高效减灾提供理论依据。

To analyze the damage mechanism of rural buildings in the recent M,6.O Luxian earthquake,typical seismic damage characteristics of masonry buildings,masonry-timber buildings and frame structures were summarized,based on the damage investigation of rural buildings in Luxian,Longmatan of Luzhou city,Neijiang city and Zigong city.The classifications,statistics and analyses of damage levels were carried out for rural buildings in the area with the investigated intensities from VI to VIl.The results from the investigation and analyses show that the typical seismic damages of the masonry-timber buildings and masonry buildings appear to be wall cracking,floor(roof)damage,nonstructural component damage,and overall collapse.The seismic damages of frame structures mainly include wall cracking,beam-column damage,and non-structural component damage.The proportions of buildings with serious damage are 18.20%,13.08%and 4.01%for masonry-timber buildings,masonry buildings and frame structures,respectively,while the proportions of those buildings with collapse are 0.33%,0.01%and 0 respectively.The proportion of seriously damaged masonry-timber buildings is 4 times that of seriously damaged frame structures,and the proportion of collapsed masonry-timber buildings is 7 times that of collapsed masonry buildings,while no collapse was observed for frame structures.In general,the RC frame structures possess the strongest seismic capacity among these three types of structures,while masonry-timber buildings present the weakest.It is recommended to strengthen the rural buildings and study escape and refuge strategies according to the seismic damage characteristics of different structures,to provide technical support for reducing seismic casualties.It is also recommended to combine on-site investigation and regional simulation to study the seismic damage of rural buildings according to the statistics of various damaged structures,to provide theoretical basis for exploring efficient ways of disaster reduction.