论高等教育的义务化

Research on the Obligation of Higher Education

高等教育发展是一个复杂而充满不确定性的过程。伴随世界各国接受高等教育人数的普遍增加,普及化高等教育的力量依然存在,但普及化已难以解释以义务化为主要特征的高等教育发展现象。源于对义务、义务履行方式与驱动力的不同理解,形成了作为强迫教育的义务教育与非强迫性的“义务”教育两种概念,前者强调法律义务,后者反映事实义务。当后者具备向前者转变的义务化特征,“义务”教育就具备了向义务教育转化的可能。未来高等教育的发展将持续推进,透视高等教育普及化之后的发展适逢其时。通过认识高等教育义务化的发展态势,分析支撑高等教育义务化的社会条件,可以为促进高等教育由普及化向义务化的顺利过渡提供保障。

The development of higher education is a complicated and uncertain process.With the increase of the number of people receiving higher education all over the world,the power of popularizing higher education still exists,but popularizing higher education can hardly explain the phenomenon of the development of higher edu-cation which is mainly characterized by the obligation.Due to different understandings of obligations,obligation ful-fillment methods,and driving forces,two concepts have been distinguished:compulsory education and non-compul-sory"compulsory"education.The former emphasizes legal obligation and the latter reflects factual obligation.When the latter has the obligatory characteristics of transforming to the former,the"compulsory"education has the possibility of transforming to compulsory education.The development of higher education will continue to ad-vance in the future.It is the right time to look into the development of higher education after its popularization.By understanding the development trend of compulsory higher education and analyzing the social conditions support-ing compulsory higher education,the smooth transition from popularization to compulsory higher education can be guaranteed.