多方博弈下德占时期胶澳盐政的形成与调适

The Formation and Adjustment of Jiao'ao Salt Policy in the Period of German Occupation from the Perspective of Multiparty Game

作为帝国主义在远东的重要据点,胶澳租借地受到德国殖民者长达17年的统治。与德国总督严格规划城市建设、着力打造“模范殖民地”的固有印象不同,德占初期对界内乡村及其生计采取了放任宽松的管理政策。在盐业方面,传统灶户组织成为盐田开发的主导力量,在向海外输出的同时,更与中国内地的食盐市场建立了互动关系。1903年以降,中德两国先后向胶澳提出了更高的财政要求,加剧了地方社会的利益冲突和盐政制度变革,地方官员不得不设法调整沟通、竞争与制衡机制。从胶澳盐业在德占时期的发展可以看出,租借地管理形态是德国殖民当局、清王朝国家干涉和地方社会运作共同作用的结果,各方经过横向与纵向复杂博弈后的合力,决定了胶澳租借地经营的调适方向。

As an important stronghold of imperialism in the Far East,the leased land of Jiao'ao was ruled by German colonists for 17 years.Different from the inherent impression that the German governor strictly planned urban construction and focused on building a“model colony”,in the early days of the German occupation,a laissez-faire management policy was adopted for the villages and their livelihoods within the border,and the traditional salt organization became the leading force in the development of the salt industry.While exporting overseas,it has also established an interactive relationship with the salt market in.Since 1903,the central governments of China and Germany have successively put forward higher financial requirements to Jiao'ao,which has intensified the conflict of interests in the local society and the reform of the salt administration system.Local officials of China and Germany have to try to adjust the communication,competition and balance mechanism.From the development of Jiao'ao salt industry during the German occupation period,it can be seen that the management form of leased land is the result of the joint action of the German colonial authorities,the state intervention of the Qing Dynasty and the operation of local society.The combined forces after a complex horizontal and vertical game determine the direction of the adjustment of colonial management.