《元寿二年十一月见钱及逋簿》“罢癃卒钱”考论——土山屯汉墓出土木牍札记之二

A Textual Research on Pilongzuqian through Yuanshou Er-Nian Shiyi-yue Xianqian and Bubu—The Second Reading Notes on Han Tombs at Tushantun

山东青岛土山屯汉墓出土木牍为汉代赋役制度研究提供了新资料。《堂邑元寿二年要具簿》表明,男子23岁傅籍为“卒”之后,根据身体条件和徭役义务等因素,课役身份继续划分为“罢癃睆老卒”“甲卒”“更卒”等。“罢癃睆老卒”被排除在“甲卒”之外,不服兵役和更役,仅在地方上服半役。《元寿二年十一月见钱及逋簿》“罢癃卒钱”是“罢癃卒”缴纳的代役金,与更赋类似。由于木牍出自墓葬,并非实际使用的文书,存在一些不可知因素,所以《元寿二年十一月见钱及逋簿》“罢癃卒钱”出现两次的原因,尚无法确言。但这提示,土山屯汉墓出土木牍的研究,需要注意墓葬出土简牍文书的性质、书写格式以及数据的准确性等问题。

The wooden tablets excavated in Han tombs at Tushantun(土山屯)in Qingdao(青岛)provided new data for the study on tax and servitude system in Han Dynasty.According to the records in Tang-Yi Yuanshou Er-Nian Yaoju Bu(《堂邑元寿二年要具簿》),when a man turned 23,he had to register as Zu(卒).According to the physical conditions and the obligations of corvee,Zu remained being classified as Pilong Huanlaozu(罢癃睆老卒),Jiazu(甲卒)and Gengzu(更卒)and so on.Pilong Huanlaozu were excluded from Jiazu,they were exempted from military service and Gengyi(更役),and must do half of the service of corvee at the local level.Pilongzu qian(罢癃卒钱)in Yuanshou Er-Nian Shiyi-yue Xianqian and Bubu(《元寿二年十一月见钱及逋簿》)was hired services money paid by Pilongzu.From the aspect of hired services money,Pilongzu qian was similar with Gengfu(更赋).Because inscribed wooden tablets were excavated from tombs and were not actually used documents and there were unknowable factors,it is impossible to be sure about the reason why Pilongzu qian occurred twice in Yuanshou Er-Nian Shiyi-yue Xianqian and Bubu.This suggested research on unearthed inscribed wooden tablets in Han tombs at Tushantun need pay attention to nature of documents,writing format and data accuracy and so on.