应用数据挖掘技术分析古籍医案中消渴的用药规律

Medication rule for consumptive thirst in ancient medical records:A study based on data mining techniques

目的:基于数据挖掘技术研究古籍医案中消渴的用药规律。方法:收集《中华医典》(第5版)中治疗消渴的医案,利用Micorosoft Excel 2019软件建立消渴医案数据库,使用古今医案云平台的数据挖掘功能对数据进行药物频次、药物属性、药物关联规则等分析。结果:共纳入治疗消渴的医案67则、涉及处方67首、中药131味。排前10位的高频出现症状是多饮、口干、多尿、消瘦、多食、小便浑浊、消谷易饥、神疲乏力、面赤、少食。排前10位的高频使用药物是麦冬、生地黄、茯苓、熟地黄、甘草、五味子、白芍、山药、人参、山茱萸。药性以平、微寒、寒性为主,药味以甘味为主,归经排前3位的是肺、肾、脾经。复杂网络分析得到治疗消渴的新方为:麦冬、生地黄、五味子、白芍、茯苓、牡蛎、黄连、山茱萸、山药、熟地黄、茯神、甘草、石膏、人参、天冬、天花粉、知母、泽泻、龙骨、牡丹皮、石斛、玉竹。结论:古代医家治疗消渴的原则,一是注重养阴清热、益肺生津、健脾补肾等治法,标本兼治;二是配伍药物以补阴药、清热药等为主。

Objective:To investigate the medication rule for consumptive thirst in ancient medical records based on data mining techniques.Methods:The medical records for the treatment of consumptive thirst were collected from Chinese Medical Code(Fifth Edition),and Microsoft Excel 2019 software was used to establish a database of the medical records for consumptive thirst.The data mining function of Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform was used to perform the analysis of drug frequency,drug properties,and drug association rules.Results:A total of 67 medical records were collected for the treatment of consumptive thirst,involving 67 prescriptions and 131 traditional Chinese medicine drugs.The top ten high-frequency symptoms were polydipsia,dry mouth,polyuria,emaciation,polyphagia,turbid urine,swift digestion with rapid hungering,fatigue and weakness,flushing,and poor appetite,and the top ten high-frequency drugs were Radix Ophiopogonis,Radix Rehmanniae,Poria cocos,prepared Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Schisandra chinensis,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Dioscorea opposita,Panax ginseng,and Comus officinalis.Most drugs were neutral,slightly cold or cold in nature and mainly had a sweet taste,and they mainly entered the lung,kidney,and spleen meridians.The complex network analysis ob-tained the new prescription of Radix Ophiopogonis,Radix Rehmanniae,Schisandra chinensis,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Poria cocos,Concha Ostreae,Coptis chinensis,Comus officinalis,Dioscorea opposita,prepared Radix Rehmanniae,Poria cum Radix Pini,Radix Glycyrrhizae,gypsum,Panax ginseng,Radix Asparagi,Radix Trichosanthis,Rhizoma Anemarrhenae,Alisma orientalis,dragon bone,Cortex Moutan Radicis,Dendrobium,and Polygonatum odoratum.Conclusion:In the treatment of consumptive thirst,ancient doctors emphasized the treatment methods of nourishing Yin and clearing heat,tonifying the lung and promoting body fluid production,and strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney,treating both manifestation and root cause of disease,and mainly used Yin-tonifying drugs and heat-clearing drugs.