话语操控与场景传播:乌克兰危机中美国主流媒体对俄舆论战

Discourse Manipulation and Scene Propagation:The Public Opinion War against Russia by Mainstream American Media in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

2022年乌克兰危机的全面升级不仅是移动互联网时代第一场重要的国际冲突,而且开启了美国对他国舆论战的新模式与新战场。在话语操控方面,美国媒体紧密配合美国政府,通过对乌克兰和俄罗斯在危机中形象的操控、对乌克兰方面不同形式英雄形象的塑造,扩展了危机中美国对俄舆论战的话语同盟,将美国官方对乌克兰局势的掌控很好地隐藏起来。在场景传播上,美国媒体充分利用“场景+媒体”的传播方式,通过对乌克兰弱者身份的场景设计引入支持弱者的场景角色,利用与乌克兰多元社会主体结合的全媒体场景叙事模式,以及对全场景和立体化的深度冲突场景展现等方式,增强了它在乌克兰危机舆论战中的话语权,基本达成通过舆论战博取国际社会对俄制裁以及对乌克兰援助支持的目标,也达到了为削弱俄罗斯的实力和影响力提供舆论支持的目的。研究美国在俄乌战事中对俄舆论战,有助于提升中国在多方面应对美国舆论战的自信心,更好地维护中国的国家安全和国家利益。

The comprehensive escalation of the Ukraine Crisis in 2022 not only marked the first major international conflict in the mobile internet era,but also opened up a new model and battlefield for the United States to engage in public opinion warfare against other countries.In terms of discourse manipulation,the US media closely cooperated with the US government,expanding the discourse alliance in the public opinion war against Russia by manipulating the image of Ukraine and Russia in the crisis and shaping the heroic image of Ukraine,effectively hiding the official attitude of the US towards the Ukraine Crisis.In terms of scene propagation,American media fully utilizes the“scene+media”communication method,designing scenes for the weak identity of Ukraine in the conflict,and using a full media scene narrative mode that combines with Ukraine's diverse social subjects to enhance its voice in public opinion warfare,basically achieving the goal of winning international sanctions against Russia and aid support for Ukraine through public opinion warfare.It also achieved the goal of weakening Russia's strength and influence.Studying the US public opinion war against Russia in the Russia-Ukraine conflict can help enhance China's confidence in responding to the US public opinion war in multiple aspects,and better safeguard China's national security and interests.