人工智能的企业道德责任及其规制

The corporate moral responsibility of Artificial Intelligence and its regulation

人工智能的“多手问题”,越来越高的自主性和学习能力以及研发和应用中的“道德运气”因素共同造成了人工智能事故的道德责任归因难题。现有方案多少存在理论上的不足,也不能很好地用于实际问题的解决。而人工智能事故的统计结果和人工智能的研发机构组成表明,企业作为一股中坚力量,在加速推进人工智能技术的发展和产业落地方面贡献突出,但是也加剧了人工智能的伦理风险。无论是从学术的还是从现实的角度来看,人工智能相关企业都不应该被免除道德责任。另外,在相关法律和行业标准还没有及时更新和制定的阶段,软性的激励和惩戒手段将会在伦理规制层面发挥很好的补充和实践作用。因此,制定道德层面的具体规制措施会是引导企业积极承担道德责任的有效进路。

“The problem of many hands”of AI,increasing autonomy and learning ability,and“moral luck”in development and ap-plication of AI cause the moral responsibility dilemma of AI.The existing strategies are not perfect enough and can not be used to solve the practical problems well.The statistical results of AI accidents and the composition of AI research institutions show that enterprises play a very important role in accelerating the development of AI technology and industry landing,but also aggravate the ethical risks of AI.Therefore,from both an academic and a practical point of view,AI companies should not be exempt from moral responsibility.In addition,in the relevant laws and industry standards have not been updated or formulated in a timely manner,so soft incentives and punishment measures will play a complementary role in ethical regulation.To formulate specific regulatory measures on the moral level will be an effective way to guide enterprises to actively undertake moral responsibilities.