新阶段国家战略人才力量建设:聚焦高校人才教育

On National Strategic Talent Force Construction in the New Phase:Focusing on Talent Education in Institutions of Higher Education

人力资本是支撑我国科技自立自强、高质量发展的核心要素。党的二十大报告再次提出科教兴国战略和人才强国战略,这就要求高校不断提升人才培养的水平。当前我国高校人才培养整体水平依然不高,不仅不能充分满足当前的需要,与未来发展的需要更是存在明显差距。影响我国高校人才培养质量的两大深层问题是高校行政化问题和东亚教育模式问题,前者是造成我国高校人才教育中存在诸多扭曲效应的根源性因素,后者则在很大程度上是制约高校教育高质量发展的社会深层问题。研究建议:我国未来高校人才培养需要树立实用主义导向、创新导向、长期导向、竞合导向、学术—教学均衡分流导向和适度教育导向;采取系统性思维看待高校人才培养问题,根据现代大学的教育理念采取综合措施推动高校等机构去行政化;同时从源头入手,逐步转变应试教育体系,合理设置学科及按照需求动态调整不同学科招生人数,不断深化国际合作。

Human capital is the core element supporting China's independent innovation and high-quality development.The report of the 20th CPC National Congress has once again put forward the strategies of rejuvenating China through science and education and strengthening China through talent,which requires continuous improvement of talent cultivation in institutions of higher education.Currently,the overall level of talent cultivation in China's institutions of higher education is not as high as we expect,which not only fails fully meet the current needs but also has a signifi cant gap with the needs of its future development.The two deep-seated issues that affect the quality of talent cultivation in institutions of higher education are the problem of the administration of the college education and the problem of the East Asian educational mode.The former is the root cause of many distorted effects in talent education in institutions of higher education,while the latter is a deep-seated social problem that largely restricts the high-quality development of the college education.Thus,this study suggests that China's future talent cultivation in institutions of higher education needs to establish a utilitarian orientation,an innovative orientation,a long-term orientation,a competitive and cooperative orientation,an academic-teaching balanced fl ow orientation,and a moderate education orientation.It should adopt a systematic thinking to view the issues of talent cultivation in the college education and take comprehensive measures to promote universities and other institutions to move away from administration in accordance with the modern educational notions of universities.At the same time,it should start from the source,and gradually transform the examination-oriented educational system,reasonably set up the discipline and dynamically adjust the enrollment volume of different subjects according to the needs,and constantly deepen international cooperation.