元宇宙时代劳动力市场的创新变革、风险挑战与治理之策

Research into Innovations,Risks and Governance Strategies for the Labor Market in the Metaverse Era

元宇宙实现了物理空间、数字空间、心理空间的全面连接与三元融合,人类的生产生活场域将从物理空间延伸到数字空间,人类认知世界与改造世界的方式将更多依赖虚实交互与数据驱动。相比当今社会,元宇宙劳动将实现劳动对象从有形物到无形物、劳动主体从机器辅助向人机协同、劳动方式从固定属性向跨越虚实、劳动关系从单一线性到多元弹性的转变。元宇宙劳动将实现生产力的重要突破与生产关系的重大革新,但其带来的问题与风险也将跨越物理与现实,引发虚实混淆的异化风险、新型劳动下的权益保障问题、智能化浪潮下的权责之问等挑战。元宇宙劳动作为人类社会未来劳动形态的重要发展趋势,有必要加快政策设计,构建可信可控的技术发展机制,建立更具韧性的劳动力市场,完善贯通虚实的新业态权责体系,在充分激活其发展潜力的同时前瞻性地防范化解风险。

Metaverse has achieved the comprehensive connection and integration of physical space,cyber space,and mental space,and the domain of human production and life will extend from the physical space to the cyber space.The way in which humans perceive and transform the world,thus,will rely more on virtuality-reality interactions and data-driven methods.Compared with modern society,metaverse labor will realize the transformation of labor objects from the tangible to the intangible,labor subjects from the machine-assisted to human-machine collaboration,labor methods from fi xed attributes to crossing the virtuality and the reality,and labor relations from the single linear to multi-element elasticity.Thus,metaverse labor will achieve signifi cant breakthroughs in productivity and major innovations in production relations.However,the problems it brings will occur in addition to virtual world and real world,such as the risks of alienation caused by the confusion between virtuality and reality,the problem of protection of rights and interests under the view of new forms of employment,and the discussion of responsibilities and obligations about the wave of intelligence,etc.As an important trend in the future form of human labor,it is necessary to accelerate the policy design of metaverse labor,establish a trusted and controllable technological development system,establish a more resilient labor market,improve the system of rights and responsibilities of new business model spanning reality and virtuality,and prevent risks while fully activating its development potential.