从柏拉图的“哲人王”思想看《一报还一报》的王制问题

On the Monarchy in Measure for Measure from Plato's Thought of Philosopher-king

柏拉图在《理想国》中主张哲人成为统治者或统治者学习哲学。莎剧《一报还一报》塑造的公爵文森修具有较为鲜明的“哲人王”特征,其治国之术具有哲人王色彩,在城邦的现实问题上表现了王者难以破解的困境。《一报还一报》包含的“哲人王”思想,承载了莎士比亚对王制问题的思考,表现了英国在15世纪末16世纪初“新君主制”形成时期对君主个人品格的想象和关照。它基于欧洲古典哲学中对君主品质的完美设想,同时也批判地表达了实现这一设想的现实可能性。

Plato in The Republic proposes that philosophers become rulers or rulers learn philosophy.The Duke Vincentio in Measure for Measure by Shakespeare,exemplifies the distinct feature of Philosopher-king,his governing techniques manifests the color of Philosopher-king,and his experience symbolizes the plight of the king confronted with the real problems of the city.The idea of Philosopher-king contained in Measure for Measure carries Shakespeare's thinking on the issue of monarchy,and reflects his imagination and care of the monarch's personal character in the formation of the New Monarchy in the late 15th century and early 16th century in England.It not only regards as its basis the perfect assumption of the monarch's character within the context of the European classical philosophy,but also critically expresses the realistic possibility of realizing this assumption.