文化遗产地旅游社区居民遗产责任行为的形成机制——基于模糊集定性比较分析

Formation mechanism of heritage responsibility behavior of residents in the tourism community of cultural heritage sites:Based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

居民是遗产的最终守护者,然而其遗产责任行为并未得到充分关注。构建以居民个体内部驱动和社会嵌入为条件变量,遗产责任行为为结果变量的理论模型,并采用模糊集定性比较分析方法对在平遥古城收集的问卷进行了实证分析。结果表明:居民遗产责任行为态度、地方依恋、关系嵌入、政治嵌入和文化嵌入是形成遗产责任行为的必要条件;共存在五种模式可驱动居民形成高水平遗产责任行为,形成机制具有多组态和系统特征;居民遗产责任行为的影响因素存在复杂性和交互性,主观规范、感知行为控制和结构嵌入在不同的路径中对遗产责任行为存在不同的影响。本文拓展了遗产责任行为的研究,且对文化遗产地政府和管理者开展遗产保护有重要的实践指导意义。

Tourism community residents are the ultimate guardians of heritage,but their heritage responsibility behavior has not been concerned.Based on the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA)method,this paper constructed a complex causal model of residents'heritage responsibility behavior with internal driving factors and social embedding factors as dependent variables.This paper took the Pingyao ancient city community as an example and made an empirical analysis based on the questionnaire survey results.The results show that:(l)There are eight condition configurations that can promote the formation of residents'heritage responsibility behaviors,among which residents'heritage responsibility behavior attitude,place attachment,relational embeddedness,political embeddedness,and cultural embeddedness are the necessary conditions for the formation of heritage responsibility behaviors.The above variables have more substantial explanatory power for residents'heritage responsibility behaviors than other variables.(2)Five modes can drive residents to form high-level heritage responsibility behavior,and a single variable cannot achieve high-level heritage responsibility behavior.The formation mechanism is characterized by multiple configurations and systems.The original coverage of the core existence mode of behavioral attitude,place attachment,political embeddedness,and cultural embeddedness is the highest.The original coverage of the configuration with missing minor conditions is lower than that of the configuration without missing minor conditions.(3)The factors affecting residents'heritage responsibility behavior are complicated and interactive.The lack of a single factor is not the bottleneck to form heritage responsibility behavior.Subjective norms,perceived behavioral control,and structure embeddedness in different paths have different effects on heritage responsibility behavior.When subjective norms,perceived behavioral control,and structural embeddedness are insufficient,the implementation of heritage responsibility behavior can be improved by promoting residents'place attachment,political embeddedness and cultural embeddedness.Finally,this paper has important practical guiding significance to perform heritage protection for the government and managers of cultural heritage sites.