地形差异视角下耕地流转对农户收入差距的影响及其分解——以黄河流域中上游1879份农户数据为例

The impacts and its decomposition of cultivated land transfer on rural households'income gap from the perspective of terrain difference:A case study of 1879 survey data of rural households in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin

基于黄河流域中上游1879份农户调研数据,从地形差异的视角,借助无条件分位数回归模型和RIF回归分解法揭示了耕地流转对农户收入差距的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:(1)耕地流转对高收入农户群体增收效应大于低收入农户群体,从而导致农户收入差距扩大,其中系数效应是造成该差距扩大的主因,在耕地转入中贡献度达90%以上,在耕地转出中贡献度达60%以上。(2)耕地转入在平原和山区对高收入农户群体增收效应均大于低收入农户群体,从而导致平原和山区农户收入差距扩大,且该现象在山区更加显著,其中系数效应也是造成该差距扩大的主因,在平原的贡献度达90%以上,在山区的贡献度达80%以上。(3)耕地转出仅对平原中等收入农户群体具有显著增收效应,从而导致平原中低收入农户群体间的收入差距扩大,其中系数效应同样也是造成该差距扩大的主因,贡献度达70%以上。因此,应针对不同收入水平农户和地形特征实施差异化的耕地流转支持政策,以促进耕地流转对农户的增收均衡,缩小农村贫富差距。

Based on 1879 survey data of rural households in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin,this study analyzes the impact and mechanism of cultivated land transfer on rural households'income gap from the perspective of terrain difference using the UQR model and RIF regression decomposition method.The results show that:(1)The effect of cultivated land transfer on increasing the income of high-income rural households is greater than that of low-income rural households,resulting in the widening of rural households'income gap.The structure effect is the main reason for this gap expansion,the contribution of structure effect is more than 90%in renting-in and more than 60%in renting-out.(2)The effect of cultivated land renting-in on increasing the income of high-income rural households in the plain and mountainous areas is greater than that of low-income rural households,resulting in the widening of the income gap between rural households in the plain and mountainous areas,and this phenomenon is more significant in the mountainous areas.The structure effect is also the main reason for this gap expansion,as the contribution of structure effect is more than 90%in plain and more than 80%in mountainous areas.(3)The cultivated land renting-out only has a significant income increasing effect on the middle-income rural households in the plain,resulting in the widening of the income gap between the low-income rural households in the plain.The cultivated land renting-out only expands the income gap between low-income rural households in the plain,and the structure effect is also the main reason for this gap expansion,with the contribution of structure effect value of more than 70%.Therefore,differentiated cultivated land transfer support policies should be implemented for rural households at different income levels and different terrains,in order to promote the increasing income balance by cultivated land transfer on rural households'and cultivated land transfer income and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in rural areas.