钾离子结合药物研究进展

Research Progress of Potassium Binders

钾离子(K^(+))是维持人体生理机能的重要阳离子。高钾血症除引起肌肉抽搐、麻痹外,可诱发多种类型心律失常,严重者导致猝死,并可增加慢性肾脏病、心力衰竭等疾病患者的死亡风险。K^(+)结合药物可通过结合肠道内K^(+)、并促进其肠道排泄而达到降低血钾水平的目的,是降低及控制血钾的重要方法。这类药物包括阳离子交换树脂(聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,聚苯乙烯磺酸钙)及新型K^(+)结合药物(环硅酸锆钠,patiromer)。笔者通过检索国内外相关文献,对上述K^(+)结合药物的特点、临床有效性以及安全性等方面进行综述,以期为这类药物的深入研究及合理使用提供参考。

Potassiumion(K^(+))is an important cation to maintain human physiological function.In addition to causing muscle convulsions and paralysis,hyperkalemia can induce various types of arrhythmias,resulting in sudden death in severe cases,and increasing the risk of death in patients with chronic kidney diseaseand heart failure.K^(+)binders can reduce blood potassium level by binding K^(+)in intestinal tract and promoting intestinal excretion of K^(+),which is an important method to reduce and control blood potassium level.K^(+)binders includes cation exchange resins(sodium polystyrene sulfonate,calcium polystyrene sulfonate)and novel K^(+)binders(sodium zirconium cyclosilicate,patiromer).In this paper,the characteristics,clinical effectiveness and safety of the above-mentioned K^(+)binders are reviewed by searching relevant literature at home and abroad,in order to provide information for in-depth research and rational use of these drugs.